Lesson Fifteen The Beauty Industry
Words and Expressions
1 abdomen [ ] n. 腹部，下腹 The region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis
2 aesthetically [ ] adv. 審美上的 In a tasteful way
aesthetician [ ] n. 審美家，美學家 A philosopher who specializes in the nature of beauty
aesthetics [ ] n. 美學，審美學 The branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste
3 apparatus [ ] n. 器械，裝置，儀器 Designed to serve a specific function
4 ascetic [ ] adj. 禁慾的 Pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic
ascetic [ ] n. 禁慾主義者，苦行者 Practices self denial as spiritual discipline
5 austere [ ] adj. 嚴厲的，簡樸的 Severely simple
6 avarice [ ] n. 貪婪 Extreme greed for material wealth
7 beautification [ ] n. 美化，裝飾 The act of making something more beautiful
8 bootleg [ ] v. 販賣私酒 Sell illicit products such as drugs or alcohol
9 cheapen [ ] v. 降價，變得粗俗 Lower the grade of something; reduce its worth
10 cherry [ ] n. 櫻桃 Fruit with a single hard stone
11 consummation [ ] n. 完成，結果，完美 The act of bringing to completion or fruition
consummate [ ] vt. 完成，使完善 Make perfect; bring to perfection
12 connoisseur [ ] n. 鑑賞家 An expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts
13 concede [ ] v. 承認，容許，讓與 Admit, allow, grant
You must concede that we have tried our best to do this work.
concession [ ] n. 妥協，讓步 Conceding
At last, one party made the concession.
14 conversely [ ] adv. 相反的 With the terms of the relation reversed
15 crone [ ] n. 老婦 Old woman
16 cult [ ] n. 狂熱地崇拜 An interest followed with exaggerated zeal
17 cultivate [ ] v. 培養 Give care, thought, time in order to development
He tried to cultivate the people who can be useful to him in his business.
cultivation [ ] n. 開墾，培養 Cultivating or being cultivated
Many farmers are bringing land into cultivation on the mountain.
18 curly [ ] adj. 捲曲的 (of hair) having curls or waves
19 depress [ ] v. 使蕭條 Make less active, cause prices to be lower
When economy was depressed, the people lived a poor life.
depression [ ] n. 蕭條時期 Time when business is depressed
When there is a depression, the unemployment increases.
depressive [ ] adj. 不景氣的 Tending to depress
The depressive factory has been closed down by the government.
20 diffuse [ ] v. 散佈，傳播 Send out, spread, in every direction
He diffused knowledge all over the country.
diffusion [ ] n. 散佈，傳播 Diffusing or being diffused
The diffusion of knowledge is through books and lectures.
21 disharmony [ ] n. 不和諧，不協調 Lack of harmony
His hobbies are in disharmony with mine.
harmony [ ] n. 和睦，協調，一致 Agreement of something, pleasing combination of related things
In those years the internaitonal affairs were not in harmony with one another.
harmonize [ ] v. 使協調，使和諧 Bring into harmony
The colour of your T-shirt harmonizes well with that of your trousers.
harmonious [ ] adj. 協調的 Pleasing or satisfactorily arranged
She was born and grew up in a harmonious family.
22 distressingly [ ] adv. 令人痛苦的 Unpleasantly
23 emphasis [ ] n. 重要性，重音 Special value or important, stress
This country put special emphasis on the education of the children.
emphasize [ ] v. 強調，加強語氣 Give emphasis to
They emphasized the importance of learning foreign languages and computer.
emphatic [ ] adj. 強調的，語氣強的 Having or showing emphasis
In the lecture, he spoke with an emphatic tone.
24 expend [ ] v. 花費 Spend
He expends all his money on stocks.
expendable [ ] adj. 可消費的 That may be expended
She thinks only part of her salary is expendable, the rest is for saving.
expenditure [ ] n. 花費，使用 Spending or using
Limit your expenditure to what is necessary.
25 Freud [ ] n. 弗洛伊德
Freudian [ ] adj. 弗洛伊德學派的
Freudian [ ] n. 精神分析學的信徒
26 gait [ ] n. 步態 A person's manner of walking
27 hagridden [ ] adj. 爲噩夢所擾的 Tormented or harassed by nightmares or unreasonable fears
28 hair-lotion [ ] n. 護髮液 Liquid preparation having a soothing or antiseptic or medicinal action when applied to hair
29 health motor [ ] 健身器材 Apparatus used to exercises one's body to keep healthy
30 hereditary [ ] adj. 遺傳的 Passed from one generation to the following
Some diseases are hereditary.
heredity [ ] n. 遺傳，遺傳性 Tendency of passing the characteristics on to offsprings
The child gets the heredity genes from his parents.
31 hitherto [ ] adv. 迄今，到此時 Used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time
31 hoarding [ ] n. 大廣告牌 Large outdoor signboard
33 indistingushable [ ] adj. 難以辨別的 Exactly alike; incapable of being perceived as different
34 ineffectual [ ] adj. 無效的，徒勞無益的 Producing no result or effect
35 instinctive [ ] adj. 本能的，天性的 Prompted by instinct
36 intrinsic [ ] adj. 內在的，本質的 Belonging to a thing by its very nature
intrinsically [ ] adv. 內在地，本質地 With respect to its inherent nature
37 lamentable [ ] adj. 可悲的，糟糕的 Very bad
38 lasciviousness [ ] n. 淫蕩，好色 Feeling morbid sexual desire
39 listless [ ] adj. 無精打采的 Lacking zest or vivacity
listlessness [ ] n. 無精打采 A feeling of lack of interest or energy
40 Manichaean [ ] adj. 摩尼教的
41 massage [ ] n. 按摩，推拿 Kneading and rubbing parts of the body to increase circulation and promote relaxation
massage [ ] v. 按摩，推拿 Give a massage to
42 matron [ ] n. 年長有威望的主婦 A married woman (usually middle-aged with children) who is dignified
43 medieval [ ] adj. 中世紀的
medievally [ ] adv. 中世紀地
44 mimic [ ] vt. 模仿 Imitate (a person, a manner, etc.), esp. for satirical effect
45 monomaniacal [ ] adj. 偏執狂的 Obsessed with a single subject or idea
46 neatankled [ ] adj. 腳踝勻稱的
47 negation [ ] n. 否定 The negative of the opposition
48 paraffin-wax [ ] n. 石蠟 From crude petroleum; used for candles and for preservative or waterproof coatings
49 patent [ ] n. 專利，專利品 An official document granting a right or privilege
patent [ ] adj. 受專利保護的，專利的 Protected by the right granted to the patent
patentee [ ] n. 專利權的獲得者 The inventor to whom a patent is issued
50 peach [ ] n. 桃子，桃紅色
peachily [ ] adv. 桃紅色的
51 pearlily [ ] adv. 珍珠般的
52 perennially [ ] adv. 持久的，長期的 In a perennial manner; repeatedly
53 point roller [ ] n. 捲髮器
54 preoccupy [ ] vt. 全神貫注於，着迷於 Engage or engross the interest or attention of beforehand
55 prodigious [ ] adj. 大量的，巨大的 Of momentous or ominous significance
56 pronounced [ ] adj. 明顯的，顯著的 strongly marked; easily noticeable
57 prosperity [ ] n. 成功，繁榮 State of being successful, good fortune
With the future development of reform and open policy, there has been a prosperity in every industry.
prosperous [ ] adj. 成功的，繁榮的 Successful, flourishing
He received a lot of orders recently and his business became prosperous.
58 racketeer [ ] v. 敲詐勒索，詐騙 Get profit by fraud or extortion
racketeering [ ] n. 敲詐勒索，詐騙 Someone who commits crimes for profit by fraud or extortion
59 ravishing [ ] adj. 迷人的，令人陶醉的 Stunningly beautiful
60 refrigerator [ ] n. 電冰箱
61 repellent [ ] adj. 令人反感的，厭惡的 Highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust
62 repulsive [ ] adj. 令人厭惡的，可憎的 So extremely ugly as to be terrifying
63 retrench [ ] v. 節省開支，縮減支出 Cut down, make economics
We must retrench now in order to buy a new big house.
retrenchment [ ] n. 節省開支
64 rubber reducing belt n. 橡膠減肥帶
65 ruddle [ ] vt. 給…塗色 Redden as if with a red ocher color
66 simulate [ ] vt. 模仿，假裝 Make a pretence of
67 slender [ ] adj. 細長的，苗條的 Having little width in proportion to the length or height
68 slime [ ] n. 黏液，黏泥 Any thick messy substance
69 stink [ ] vi. 發惡臭 Be extremely bad in quality or in one's performance
stink [ ] n. 惡臭 A distinctive odor that is offensively unpleasant
70 stupitidy [ ] n. 愚蠢，愚笨 A poor ability to understand or to profit from experience
71 sullen [ ] adj. 悶悶不樂的 Downhearted
sullenness [ ] n. 悶悶不樂 Longface
72 symptomatic [ ] adj. 表徵的，徵兆的 Serving as a symptom
Cough and headache may be symptomatic of a cold.
symptom [ ] n. 表徵，徵兆 Sign of the existence of something
As a leader, you should pay attention to the symptoms of dissatisfaction among the workers.
73 tenant [ ] vt. 租用 Occupy as a tenant
tenant [ ] n. 房客，租戶 Someone who pays rent to use a building owned by someone else
74 tidy [ ] adj. 相當大的，相當多的；整潔的，整齊的 Large in amount or extent or degree； Marked by good order and cleanliness in appearance or habits
75 transfigure [ ] vt. 使變形，改觀，美化 Change completely the nature of something
76 unawareness [ ] n. 不覺察，不注意 Unconsciousness resulting from lack of knowledge or attention
77 unbearable [ ] adj. 難以忍受的 Unstandable
78 unenviable [ ] adj. 不值得羨慕的 So undesirable as to be incapable of arousing envy
79 universally [ ] adv. 廣泛的，普遍的 Everywhere
80 upkeep [ ] n. 保養 Activity involved in maintaining something in good working order
81 vendor [ ] n. 小販，叫賣者 Someone who exchanges goods or services for money
82 virtuous [ ] adj. 有品德的，善良的 Having or showing virtue
The professor is a virtuous person.
virtue [ ] n. 美德，好處，優點 Goodness or excellence
Modesty is the virtue for Chinese.
83 whitewash [ ] vt. 粉飾，美化 Beautify
whitewash [ ] n. 粉飾，美化 Beautification
84 wrinkle [ ] n. 皺紋 A slight depression in the smoothness of a surface
wrinkle [ ] v. 使起皺紋 Make wrinkled
Text Explanation
1 From the prodigious number of advertisements of aids to beauty contained in the American magazines, …
aids to beauty: virous cosmetic and toilet articles
2 …a face can cost as much in upkeep as a Rolls-Royce.
To keep a face youthful and beautiful by means of cosmetics may cost as much as to keep a luxury car like the Rolls-Royce
in good working condition.
3 who smile so rosily and creamily, so peachily and pearlily
The advertisements for soap and other cosmetics usually show a smiling girl with skin as white as cream and pearl, as rossy
as peach and rose.
4 In any case, the more costly experiments in betification are still as much beyond most European means as are high-powered
motor-cars and electric refrigerators.
beyond most European means: Most European can't afford it. The word "means" here has the meaning of the money a person
earns or has inherited which he can use.
5 Not quite so much more as in America, that is all.
The increase is remarkable in Europe, although compared with the increase in the United States it is not fast enough.
"that is all" means “僅此而已”，即也就是比不上美國而已，增加得還是不少的。
6 The diffusion of wealth -such as it is - now permits those of the poor who are less badly off than their fathers to do the same.
Wealth is less concentrated in the hands of the rich, ordinary people are getting a larger percentage of the wealth of the country
although the increase is not very big.
"such as it is" means "being what it is and no better" （不過如此）
7 The modern cult of beauty is not exclusively a function ( in the mathematical sense) of wealth.
The modern cult of beauty does not merely grow in proportion to the improvement of people's living standards.
" a function of wealth" means “財富的作用 ”。
"in the mathematical sense" means “從數學意義上來說”。
如果是數學意義上的作用，那麼收入的錢增加一倍，在美容品上的消費也增加一倍，二者應成比例增加。
但實際上花在美容品上的錢增加的比例必收入增加的比例要大。
8 Women are retrenching on other things than their faces.
Women cut down expenses on other things, but they spend just as much money on cosmetics as before.
9 …the changes in our attitude towards " the merely physical".
People now pay much more attention to the physical needs and desires, whereas before it was regarded to be bulgar or bad
taste to behave like that.
10 Freer not only to perform the generally unenviable social fuctions hitherto reserved to the male, but also freer to…
婦女不僅可以履行通常不值得羨慕的、迄今爲止一直爲男人履行的社會職責，而且還能……
"social fuctions" here means professions.
11 Aesthetically shocked - yes; we may sometimes be that. But morally, no.
We now know that when a woman uses cosmetics, it doesn't necessarily mean that she is not virtuous, not a good woman,
therefore we are not shocked in that respect. But the cosmetics does not make them better looking, as a matter of fact,
they look worse than without the cosmetics, so we are shocked at how they look after they use cosmetics.
12 the Body, with a large B
大寫的B表示強調。
To spell the word Body with a capital "B" means to lay special emphasis on the physical body.
13 Christian-ascetic ideas
The Christian belief that true Christians should exercise strict control over their physical desires and needs.
14 We demand justice for the body…
We demand that the body should be treated fairly, to be given what is due to it, not to be ignored.
15 books on the culture of the abdomen
Books on how to keep on'e stomach firm and flat. "culture" here means “修煉，按需要培養”。
16 Beauty that is merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health is intrinsically of poorer quality than the genuine article.
To use artificial means to imitate the indications of good health so as to appear beautiful naturally can never be as good as
real health.
17 within the reach of every moderately prosperous person
A middle-range well-to-do person can afford to buy things needed to imitate the indications of good health, namely all
the aids to beauty.
18 …for real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self.
For a person to be really beautiful, the inner beauty (a person's good qualities) is as important as the outer appearance.
19 the human vessel
Because the author has used a jar ( which is a vessel ) to illustrate his point in the previous sentences, here he used the word
"vessel" to indicate that the human body is like a vessel, but unlike the porcelain jar, its beauty can be affected by what is
inside it.
20 the pure aesthetician
完全只從外表美進行鑑賞的人
21 There is an ugliness of stupidity, for example, of unawareness (distressingly common among pretty women).
例如愚蠢、無知的醜陋 （這種現象在漂亮的女人中普遍得令人悲嘆）。
ugliness of unawareness: 心中只有自己，意識不到別人的存在，或對別人不感興趣，因而形成的心靈上的醜陋。
22 All the deadly sins, indeed, have their own peculiar negation of beauty.
的確，所有不可饒恕的罪行都以各自的獨有方式破壞美。
23 They are the outward and visible signs of some emotional or instinctive disharmony, accepted as a chronic codition of being.
People accept the disharmony as an inevitable part of existence, like an illness which lasts a long time.
這種冷漠和木然來自內心，它們是感情或本能不協調的外部可見跡象，人們把它看作是一種經常存在的行爲。
24 We do not need a Freudian to tell us that this disharmony is oftenof a sexual nature.
We do not need a specialist in psychiatry to tell us the cuase of the disharmony. It is so obvious that anybody can tell us its
cause has something to do with sex.
我們不需要運用弗洛伊德精神分析法的專家告訴我們，這種不協調經常與性本能有關。
25 …so long as human beings allow themselves to be possessed and hagridden by monomaniacal vices, …
So long as human beings let themselves be controlled by bad, irrational and immoral habits.
26 Perhaps it will transform them into the likeness of those ravishing creatures…
transform into: change into 變爲
A steam-engine transforms heat into energy.
27 To what is it due?
due to: attributed to 由於
The accident was due to his careless driving.
28 We concede that the Matron is morally justified in being preoccupied with her personal appearance.
be preoccupied with: take all the attention of 全神貫注
The students were preoccupied with how to pass the exam.
29 To what have they led?
lead to: have as a result 導致
All roads lead to Rome.
30 A bent back and hollow cheeks will come to be regarded as medievally old-fashioned.
regard as: consider 認爲，把……看作
Smoking and drinking are regarded as the bad habits.
31 in part to improved health
in part: in some degree 某種程度，部分
She looks in part like her grandmother.
32 The apparatus for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach of every moderately prosperous person.
within the reach of: extent to which a hand can be reached out 在…範圍內
I'd like to have my books within my reach.
beyond/out of reach 在…範圍外
You threw the ball too far. It was beyond my reach.
Please keep the medicine out of reach of the children.
33 It makes no difference to its beauty or ugliness.
make no difference: be of no importance 沒有區別
It will make no difference whether the meeting will be held today or tomorrow.
It might make no difference to you, but it was very important for me.
34 be universally acted upon
act upon: do what is suggested, have an effect on 聽從建議，有效
They acted upon our advice.
This kind of medicine acted upon the disease.
35 Often it turns out to be imperfectly alive.
turn out: prove to be 證實
Everything turns out to be satisfactory.
36 The cult of beauty is destined to be ineffectual.
be destined to do something: 註定
The were destined to meet again.
37 We must be content with moderate hopes.
be content with: satisfied with what one has 滿足，滿意
Are you content with your present life?
