中考英語知識梳理:賓語從句

在複合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的一種從句,它內容完整,句型結構較爲複雜,主句和從句時態搭配要求嚴格,在中考試題中頻頻出現。而且學好賓語從句也可爲到高中學習間接引語、主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句打下良好的基礎。學習賓語從句並不難,只要你能過好下面的三道關:

第一關,選好連接詞(也有人叫關聯詞)。

引導賓語從句的連接詞,課本上寫有三類,但從學習的角度看分爲四類更爲實用。

1.連詞that:只起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,也無詞彙意義,在口語中或非正式文體中常被省略。例如:

1)He knew(that)he should work hard.

2)I am glad(that)you've passed the exam.

2.連詞whether或if:它們起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口語中多用if。例如:

3)Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?(注:2002上海市徐彙區中考試題填上答案後的句子。以下再有這種例句,都爲2002年中考題,只寫某地。)

4)Tom didn't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

作“是否”解的if和whether在具體用法上差別較大,同學們不易掌握。在賓語從句中用whether沒有用if時受到那麼多限制。例如:

5)He asked me whether or not I was coming.他問我是否要來。(該句中的whether不能換成if,因爲if不能與or連用。)

3.連接代詞who,whom ,whose,what, which:它們起連接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意義。例如:

6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武漢市)(which引導賓語從句,在從句中作定語,修飾class,意爲“哪個”。)

7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)

4.連接副詞when,where, why,how:起連接作用,分別作時間、地點、原因、方式狀語,各有其自己的意義。例如:

8)I wonder where he got so much money.對他從哪裏弄到那麼多錢我感到疑惑。(where在從句中作地點狀語,修飾got,意爲“哪裏;什麼地方”。)

9)He didn't tell me how old his friend was.(四川省)(how引導賓語從句,作程度狀語,修飾old,意爲“怎樣;如何”等意。)

第二關,牢記賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序,即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其他”。這裏特別強調的是,它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述句的語序,不是疑問句的倒裝語序。例如:

10)You must remember what your teacher said.(河南省)

11)-Dad,do you know when the football game will start?

-In half an hour.(寧波市)

12)漢譯英:你能不能告訴我,我們去看望誰?

誤:Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?

正:Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?

錯句的錯誤出在賓語從句中誤用了疑問句的結構--主語前加了個助動詞do。因爲我們已經習慣了特殊疑問句,如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris?就順口說出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?”這種錯誤句子來。但是一旦我們注意了,我們不久就習慣於說“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris?”了。

第三關,注意時態的呼應。

賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態,常常受主句謂語時態的制約,這種現象稱爲“時態的呼應”。例如:

13)漢譯英:我原以爲你今天有空的。

誤:I thought(that)you are free today.

正:I thought(that)you would be free today.

錯句中賓語從句用are很可能是因爲有 today,但因爲主句謂語是thought,所以從句謂語就該用過去將來時would be了。

這種時態的呼應,如果主句謂語是現在時或將來時,賓語從句的謂語時態不受限制,如上述例句2),3),7),8),10),11),12)。如果主句時態是過去時,賓語從句一般要隨着改爲相應的過去時(即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等)。例如:

14)He thought he was working for the people.

15)I heard she had been to the Great W all.

16)John hoped that he would find a job soon.

但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恆真理等,則不變化:

17)The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.

核心知識

鞏固與檢測請做下列2002年中考題:

1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.(北京市東城區)

A.that

B.how

C.what

D.if

2.-I don't know _____ Mr.Green will come to see us.

-He will help us with our English.(杭州市)

A.why

B.when

C.how

D.where

3.-We never know _____ the old m an is.

-They say he is a teacher.(鄂州市)

A.what

B.who

C.which

D.where

4.I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.(重慶市)

A.that how

B.how that

C.when that

D.that when

5.-Do you know _____ ?I'm going to see him.

-Sorry,I don't know.(北京市海淀區)

A.where does Mr.Li live

B.where did Mr.Li live

C.where Mr.Li lives

D.where Mr.Li lived

6.-W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?

-Sorry,I have no idea.(南京市)

A./;bought

B.has;bought

C.did;buy

D.does;buy

7.I don't feel very well.Mum asked me _____ this morning.(重慶市)

A.what the matter is

B.what is wrong

C.what the matter was

D.what wrong was

8.-Where is Jack?

-He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but I'm not sure _____ .(南昌市)

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.there

典型例題

Key:

賓語從句與中考試題 1-4 D A A D 5-8 C A C C