名詞性從句語法總結歸納

名詞性從句語法總結歸納

名詞性從句語法總結歸納

篇一:高中英語語法總結-名詞性從句

句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞詞組, 它在複合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱爲主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

第一節 知識點講解

顧名思義,主語從句在句子中作主語。有時本身出現在主語的位置上,也有時出於句子結構的考慮退到句子的尾部,前面用形式主語it代替。從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般爲單數形式。如:

Tips: 主語從句的that絕對不能省去。因爲句子是不能做主語的,故用that引導。若去掉則沒有了主語,而賓語從句的that可省。

主語從句:That he is right is known to all of us.

賓語從句:We all know (that) he is right.

1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是爲了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什麼成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那場電影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我對你成功與否不感興趣。

c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 謀殺案是在早上發生的。(強調句型)

d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗戶。(強調句型)

2. 用it 作形式主語的結構

(1) It is + 名詞 + 從句

It is a fact that … 事實是…

It is an honor that …非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that …是常識

(2) It is + 形容詞 + 從句

It is natural that…很自然…

It is strange that…奇怪的是…

(3) It is + 不及物動詞 + 從句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

It appears that… 似乎…

(4) It + 過去分詞 + 從句

It is reported that… 據報道…

It has been proved that…已證實…

It is said that… 據說…

3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況:

(1)if 引導的主語從句不可居於複合句句首。

(2)It is said /reported…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

正確表達:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

錯誤表達:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

(3)It happens/occurs…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

正確表達:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

錯誤表達:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

正確表達:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

錯誤表達:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

(5)含主語從句的複合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:

正確表達:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening

錯誤表達:Is that will rain in the evening likely

4. what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別

what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。例如:

a) What you said yesterday is right.

b) That she is still alive is a consolation

賓語從句就是在複合句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之後。

1. 作動詞的賓語

(1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句,例如:

a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發生了什麼。

b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。

(3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如:

She told她對我說她會接受我的邀請。

2. 作介詞的賓語,例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決於我們之間的合作。

3. 作形容詞的賓語,例如:

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已經犯了一個錯誤。

注意:that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞後作賓語:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞後的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。

4. it 可以作爲形式賓語

it 不僅可以作爲形式主語,還可以作爲形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶複合賓語的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個朋就會結婚了。

5. 後邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞

這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞後可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語,但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如:

正確表達:I admire their winning the match.

錯誤表達:I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞

有些動詞不可用於“動詞+間接賓語+that從句“結構中,常見的有envy, order(命令), accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce(公開指責), advise, congratulate等。例如:

正確表達:He impressed the manager as an honest man.

錯誤表達:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的轉移

若主句謂語動詞爲think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy(想象), guess, imagine等,其後的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我認爲這件衣服不適合你穿。

三.【表語從句】

表語從句在複合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之後,一般結構是“主語+連繫動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連繫動詞有be, look, remain(留下、保持、依然), seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外,常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

同位語從句就是在複合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

1. 同位語從句的功能

同位語從句對於名詞進一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內容,一般由that引導,例如:

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞後面,而是被別的詞隔開。例如:

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區別

(1). 同位語從句和定語從句相似,二者都有先行詞。同位語從句是對先行詞的進一步陳述,和先行詞是同等的關係,含義相同。定語從句是對先行詞的修飾或限制。

(2). 同位語從句表示先行詞的內容是什麼,進一步說明先行詞。定語從句與先行詞之間是所屬關係,表示“ …的 ” ,起修飾作用。

(3). 同位語從句的“ that ” 不能省略。定語從句的關係代詞“ that ” 在從句中作賓語時可以省略。

(4) 同位語從句的先行詞是一個含有概念的抽象名詞,從句對這一概念進行展開或說明。

1.正確使用同位語從句的關連詞; 2.正確運用同位語從句的先行詞; 3.能正確認識並正確翻譯同位語從句。 同位語從句和定語從句比較練習

1. I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination.(同位語從句)

2. This is good news that I heard from Mary. (定語從句)

3. He can’t answer the question how he got the money. (同位語從句)

4. This is an easy question that he answered in class. (定語從句)

通過以上介紹,我們可以看出,四種名詞性從句都需要有一個連接性詞在從句的開頭。這個詞是什麼性質,要看它在從句中作作的成分,如果作的是主語、賓語、表語的話,這個詞就是連接代詞;如果作的是各種狀語,就叫連接副詞;如果不作任何成分,就叫連接詞。

引導名詞性從句的連接詞 :

連接詞 that, if, whether

連接代詞: who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever

連接副詞 when, where, how, why

第二節 考點分類解析

【考點一:語序問題】

名詞性從句的語序:永遠陳述語氣。即名詞性從句中不會出現助動詞提前的現象。如:

Who he is doesn’t matter much.

When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.

I don’t know what his name is.

I don’t know what is wrong with him. = I don’t know what is the matter with him.

You can’t imagine how excited I was at that time.

Can you tell me what size shoes you wear

No one can be sure ______ in a million years. (MET1991)

A. what will man look like

C. man will look like what B. what man will look like D. what look will man like

【考點二:that和what的區別問題】

能引導名詞性從句的關係代詞有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八個。爲何單獨講what的用法呢?重要!在考試中出現的頻率高!在本書第一章《定語從句》中,我們提到過,what是不能引導定語從句的。定語從句中如果缺少的成分是主語、賓語、表語,我們選擇的是關係代詞that或其他。現在山頭換了,到了名詞性從句的知識範圍了。What在名詞性從句中就很有用武之地了。還是分析成分,what 在從句中作的主語、賓語、表語。而that只是一個“連接詞”,既不作什麼成分,也沒有什麼意義。如:

What you did doesn’t agree with what you promised.

What he couldn’t understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him.

The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession.

What we can’t get always seems better than what we have already got.

I think that your composition is no better than his.

That you don’t love her is not my business.

What we have seen is different from _______.

A. we heardB. we have heard C. what we heard D. what we have heard

答案:D。我們應該可以看出這是個賓語從句。從句中hear是個及物動詞,缺少賓語。所以,應該選有what引導的從句。而不能是that或者省略了that的情況。

I couldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting.

A. that you said B. which you said C. all what you said D. what you said

答案:D。與上一題相同,這也是一個考查賓語從句的題目。從句中的say是個及物動詞,缺少賓語。所以,應該選擇what引導的賓語從句。但是,這個題目最容易錯的選項是C。 因爲有些同學會認爲all是先行詞,而後面時what引導的定語從句。但是,what是不引導定語從句的。所以,C根本就是不存在的。

【考點三:that和whether的區別問題】

有時候,它們兩個比較難以區別,因爲,它們都是連接詞,都在從句中不作成分。但是,它們之間最大的區別在於“意義”。即that在從句中既不作成分,也沒有自己的意義;而whether就不同了。它雖然不在從句中作什麼成分,但是它又意義,即“是否”。這就能夠左右從句的意思,使從句所表達的意思變成一個還沒有確定的因素。如:

I don’t know whether he can join us or not.

I’m sure that he can join us.

It is none of your business whether I love her.

It is none of your business that I don’t love her.

綜上所述,區分that還是whether,重要一點就是看主句需要從句表達一個什麼意思,是確定的.,還是不確定的;是事實還是疑問。前者選that,後者選whether。如:

I have no doubt _____ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.

A. that B. whether C. why D. when

No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions.

A. that B. whether C. why D. what

【考點四:if和whether的區別問題】

二者在引導賓語從句時都有“是否”之意。但並不是永遠可以互換。一般認爲,二者可以互換的環境也只有在賓語從句中。如:

He didn’t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.

篇二:高中英語語法重中之重-----名詞性從句及時態總結

一,名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞詞組, 它在複合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱爲主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞

引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分爲三類:

連詞:that(無任何詞意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當任何成分

連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever

連接副詞:when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often

不可省略的連詞:

1. 介詞後的連詞

2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.

比較:whether與if 均爲"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,只可用whether:

1. whether引導主語從句並在句首2. 引導表語從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語4. 從句後有"or not"

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末,用 it充當形式主語。

It is not important who will is still unknown which team will win the match.

二. 主語從句

1、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成爲一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裏舉行,還沒有宣佈。

有時爲避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首,而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:

(1) It + be + 名詞 + that從句(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句(4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬

語氣“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

2、第一部分:常規主語從句,即句子在複合句中充當一個主語

主語從句的時態:不受主句的時態影響和限制。

(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.

(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.

(4) Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.

(5)What caused the accident remains unknown.

(6)Whatever you did is right.

(7)Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.

(8)What we need is time.

(9)What we need are good doctors.

小結:(1)引導主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)連詞位於句首不能省略

(3)主語從句大多數情況下視爲三單,但也有例外,如例9

第二部分:爲了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置於句末

(1)It is certain that he will win the match.

(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.

(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

(4)It is strange that he should do that.

(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.

(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.

(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.

(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident.

(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)

(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.

(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.

(12)It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)

(13)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)

小結:(1)以that 引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導. It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed + that 從句.(2) 在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.

3、主語從句的用法

主語從句是在複合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是爲了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什麼成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如: It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

2. 用it 作形式主語的結構

(1) It is +名詞+從句

It is a fact that … 事實是… It is an honor that …非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that …是常識

(2) it is +形容詞+從句

It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it +不及物動詞+從句

It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it is+過去分詞+從句

It is reported that… 據報道…It has been proved that… 已證實…

3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況

(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居於複合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

(5) 含主語從句的複合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening

4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別

What 引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。例如: What you said yesterday is right.

三、賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。

1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句

由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認爲自己什麼都好,別人什麼都不好。

注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後,賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。例如:

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。

2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:

a. 引導主語從句並在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句後有“or not”時;e. 後接動詞不定式時。例如:

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test現在的問題是她是否應該有一個低意見的測試? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們

是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay你能否告訴我是去還是留?

4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用不同時態。例如:

he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時)

he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時)

I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時)

he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時)

當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.

5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變爲否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:

We don’t think you are here. 我們認爲你不在這。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。

6.時態:1.主句用一般現在時,從句可用任意時態。2.主句用過去時,從句用過去某個時態。

3.主句用過去時,從句是客觀真理時,只用一般現在時。

7.賓語從句的連接詞

從屬連詞:連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,引導表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導表示“是否”的賓語從句.

He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.

連接代詞:連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.

Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的遊戲?

The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

這本書會告訴你最好的執行總裁該瞭解些什麼.

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone

你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎

連接副詞:連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什麼時候我們能再見面.

Could you please tell me how you use the new panel你能告訴我怎麼用這個新的操作盤嗎None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪裏買到.

8.動詞的賓語從句

大多數動詞都可以帶賓語從句

We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.

我們都預料他們會贏,因爲他們的隊員更強壯.

He told us that they would help us though the whole work.

他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的.

部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.

我發現這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip

你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎

動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句

常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.

在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.

可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句

①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等後面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將

that賓語從句後置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認爲每天多喝開水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習慣.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.

我們都認爲對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.

②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it

這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.

He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會認爲我們的計劃確實可行.

We take it that you will agree with us.我們認爲你會同意我們的.

When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.

開啓發動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處於空擋位置.

③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認爲你所說的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發現我們所學到的東西都是有用的.

9.介詞的賓語從句

用wh-類的介詞賓語從句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部.

The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

這本新書是關於神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.

用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句

有時候except,but,besides三個介詞後可見到that引導的賓語從句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

對於我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.

10.形容詞的賓語從句

常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.

I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這麼長時間在打擾你.

He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.

他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.

,whether在賓語從句中的區別

① if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之後,介詞後一般不用if② 少數動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt後的賓語從句常用whether.③ whether後可以加or not,但是if不可以.④ 在不定式前只能用whether.(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。)⑤ 避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.

12.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導詞that

1.當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;2.當賓語從句較長時;3.當主語狀語置於主句尾,賓語從句之前時;4.當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;5.當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;6.當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;7.當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;8.當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;9.當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;10.在直接引語中,轉述分句把賓

篇三:英語名詞性從句知識歸納

名詞性從句知識歸納

名詞性從句是指在句子中相當於名詞的從句,主要包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句不是修飾性從句,而是複合句中的主幹。 (主語從句) I know . (賓語從句) The question is . (表語從句)

The fact is really a great problem. (同位語從句)

一、賓語從句---及物動詞、介詞、部分形容詞(certain, sure, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等)後

e.g. I believe (that不充當從句內的任何成分,一般情況可省略) I’m glad (that不充當從句內的任何成分) He doesn’t care (if/whether不充當從句內的任何成分) Please tell me (what充當從句內的賓語)

She always thinks of (how充當從句內的狀語)

I don’t believe (whatever充當從句內的賓語,意爲“任何事”) I’ll take to go. (whoever從當從句內的主語,意爲“任何人”)

【賓語從句要點拓展】1. that引導賓語從句時一般可以省略,若由and或or連接兩個賓語從句時,第一個從句中的that可以省略,而第二個分句前的that不可省略。

e.g. He told me and

2. whether和if引導賓語從句一般可以互換使用,但以下情況只能使用whether

(1) whether可與or not連用 e.g.

(2) 介詞賓語從句要用whether e.g. I don’t care about

(3) that引導的賓語從句只能放於in, except, besides和but四個介詞後

e.g. The Swede stood still, except

3. 轉移否定---當主句是 I/ We think (believe, consider, expect, suppose, guess, imagine) 時,其後的賓語從句如果是否定形式,常把從句中的否定詞not轉移到主句中。 e.g. I don’t suppose 4. 時態問題---賓語從句的時態常受到主句時態影響,若主句是現在時或將來時,從句可用任何所需要的時態;若主句是過去時態,從句一般用過去的某種形式,如:一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用一般現在時態。

e.g. I know

We believed

The teacher told us The teacher told us

5. 一種特殊類型的賓語從句---在這種句子裏do you think等意爲插入語,但實爲主句,因此餘下部分應用陳述語序

餘下部分e.g. do you guess do you think

二、主語從句---位於句首,常用it做形式主語

e.g. 不充當從句內的任何成分,不可省略)

(whether不充當從句內的任何成分,不能用if)

(what充當從句內的賓語)

is still unknown. (who充當從句內的主語)

(where充當從句內的狀語)

(whatever充當從句內的賓語)

is known to us(it爲形式主語,代替how引導的主語從句)

【主語從句要點拓展】1. it做形式主語的結構

(1) It’s a pity/ a shame/ an honor/ a fact/ no wonder/ common sense/ good news that… 遺憾的是(榮耀的是、事實是、難怪是、常識是,好消息是……)

e.g. It is a pity

(2) It’s clear/ right/ true/ certain/ necessary/ (un) likely/ important/ (im) possible/ obvious/ remarkable that………很清楚(正確,必要,重要,可能,值得注意等) e.g. It is likely

(3) It is well-known/ reported/ recorded/ estimated/ said/ believed that…

衆所周知(據報道,據記載,據估計,據說,據人們相信)…

e.g. It is said

(4) It turns out/ seems/ appears/ happens/ matters…) that…

結果是……(似乎是, 碰巧是, 重要的是……)

e.g. It happened (to me)

2. it做形式主語與it is(was)… that…強調句式的區分

e.g. It is a pity the murder took place.

解題方法:將it is/was… that 去掉,看餘下部分是否完整,若完整即爲強調句式;反之爲it作形式主語。

三、表語從句---系動詞後(常見系動詞:be, look, remain, seem, appear等) e.g. The problem is .

The question isIt looks The question is What he wants to get is This is That is 四、同位語從句---抽象名詞後(從句對抽象名詞進行補充說明或解釋說明抽象名詞的內容) e.g. The news spread all over the world.

The thought came to him He must answer the question

I have no idea

名詞性從句高考趨勢與考察重點

一、語序問題---名詞性從句內部一律使用陳述語序

注意以下句子:

e.g. I don’t know I have no idea Could you tell us

二、從句中的虛擬語氣問題

1. 主語從句:

(1) It is important/ natural/ necessary/ essential/ strange/ that … (should) do…

(2) It is suggested/ advised/ demanded/ ordered/ requested that … (should) do… It is suggested 2. 賓語從句:在表示“命令、要求、建議、決定”等意義的動詞後的賓語從句常用“(should)+ do”

【insist(堅持),order, urge, command(命令),require, request, demand(要求),advise, suggest, propose, recommend(建議)】

e.g. The commander ordered that

The doctor suggested that

3. 表語從句:當主句的主語爲order, command, requirement, request, demand, advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation等名詞時,表語從句的謂語動詞用“ (should) do”的形式。

4. 同位語從句:用於解釋order, command, requirement, request, demand, advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation等名詞的同位語從句中常用“(should) do”結構 e.g. English teachers give advice 三、連接詞的選擇問題

1. doubt---doubt用於肯定結構時,後面用whether引導名詞性從句;用於否定結構或疑問結構時,後面用 that 引導名詞性從句。

e.g. I doubtI don’t doubt The doctor’s doubt is. I have no doubt

2. sure---be sure用於肯定句或疑問句時,後接 that 引導的名詞性從句;用於否定句時,後接whether引導的名詞性從句。

e.g. I’m sure Are you sure

I’m not sure 3. 主語是reason時,表語要用that引導而不是because:

e.g. The reason why he was late was 4. what和that--- that在從句中不充當成分,不含疑問意義,而what在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語,且含有疑問意義。

e.g. got the classmates laughing. helps him a lot in his job.

=5. 連接詞wh-和wh-ever選擇---前者表示一個特指概念,引導的名詞性從句含有疑問意義; 後者表示一個泛指概念,意爲“任何”,引導的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義,相當於名詞後加一個定語從句。

e.g. It was a matter of Sarah hopes to become a friend of

(=anyone who shares her interests.)

They will do

6. This/ That is why…和This/ That is because…

e.g. The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way.

→He came late. That’s because his car broke down.

→His car broke down on the half way. That’s why he came late.

7. 幾個特殊句型之間的轉換 China has joined the WTO. (主語從句,it做形式主語) China has joined the WTO. (as引導的非限制性定語從句)(主語從句和表語從句)

四、it的問題

1. it做形式主語(注意與強調句式的辨別)

e.g. It was my fault

It is important 2. it做形式賓語

(V可以爲make, find, feel, think, believe, consider , guess, suppose等) e.g. I think She has made clear 【固定結構】take it for granted that… 認爲…是理所當然的

see to it that… 一定注意到…,務必…

I hate/ dislike it when…我討厭…時… e.g. Some students take it for granted Will you please see to it

I hate it 五、同位語從句和定語從句的區分 e.g. The idea .(同位語從句,that在從句中不充當成分,不可省略,從句具體說明idea的內容)。

The idea is wrong.(定語從句,that代替idea

The suggestion The suggestion 【名詞性從句的解題思路】:高考中考查名詞性從句時,經常考查連接詞的選用。解題時應先判斷從句的類型,然後判斷從句是否缺少成分以及意義是否完整,最後根據引導名詞性從句的連詞的特點確定特定的連接詞。

在從句中做put forward的賓語,that可以省略)。