初中英語詞彙題解析

詞彙是構成人類語言大廈的建築材料, 是語言三要素中最重要的、最基本的要素,自然成爲各類英語考查的一個重點。到目前爲止,我們已經學了好多單詞,那麼這些單詞究竟在考試中如何現身呢? 其考查的方式主要有如下幾種:單詞拼寫、詞形轉換、詞語釋義、詞組英漢互譯、單詞填空等,本文將分別作以介紹。

一、單詞拼寫

此類詞的考查,要求同學們根據句意、語法知識及結構,分析要用什麼形式。其解題步驟爲:  首先,要認真閱讀全句,正確理解句意,雖然題中有可能已給出應填詞的漢意,但英語與漢語並不是永遠能一一對等的,因此正確理解全句有利於準確判斷應填的單詞。  第二,要分析應填詞充當的句子成分,正確判斷應填詞的詞性。  第三,要判斷所填詞應採用的正確詞形。若爲名詞,應注意其單複數、可數還是不可數及其所有格形式;若爲動詞,應注意人稱、數、時態、語態及非謂語動詞形式;若爲修飾語,應注意修飾名詞或代詞時用形容詞,而修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句時要用副詞;若爲代詞,注意代詞的各種形式;若爲形容詞、副詞,應注意等級變化。類題以兩種形式出現。

1. 給出首字母,補全單詞

本題型考察學生在理解句子意義的基礎上正確拼寫單詞的能力。解題時,學生先要結合所給的首字母,對句子整體感悟,弄清句子的含義,然後根據句子的意義判斷出應該填寫的單詞的正確形式,並且注意要填寫的單詞是否與句子前後搭配一致和語法是否正確。

1) July is the s______ month of the year.(2005江蘇宿遷)

此題應該填seventh, 應該用seven的序數詞形式。

2)In autumn, the leaves of most trees turn _____(2005江蘇鹽城)

此題應該填yellow, 主要是根據所給的句子的整體意思判斷。

3)Don’t open the books. Please keep them c_____(2005湖北十堰)

應該填closed,本題主要是考察keep的用法。

1.) - Who jumps f______ in your class?

-Paul does. I think he can jump as much as three meters.(2005山東德州中考)

此題應該填farthest, 因爲後面有in 引導的介詞短語。

2)- I like black and red, but my f_____ color is blue.

此題應該填favorite(2005山東德州中考)

. September is the n _______ month of the year.

(‘97山西)

此題應填序數詞ninth,注意n後不帶e。

2. Jack is h _______now, because he didn’t have breakfast this morning.

此題須根據後句"因爲他今天早上未吃早飯",纔可推斷出Jack現在是餓了,因此應填hungry(而不填happy, healthy, helpful, heavy等其它以h開頭的形容詞)。

3. This skirt is c _______ and the other is expensive.

該題填cheap。後面的expensive正好與該詞相對。

4. -How far is it from your home to your school?

-It is about fifty m_____ walk.

該題填minutes’。注意要用複數形式minutes,並且要用其所有格形式

5. S ____ 10th is Teachers’ Day.

該題考查有關常識的掌握情況,應填September

2 完成單詞型

技巧點播 本題型是根據句子意思及所給的漢語完成單詞。主要是考察學生在理解句子意義的基礎上進行漢英詞彙轉換的表達及運用能力。解題時,學生先要了解所給的漢語詞彙在英語句子中所起的語法作用,並以此來確定要轉換的英語單詞的詞性、詞形和結構,切不可簡單地以漢語思維方式來進行。要主義漢語的一詞多義和英語的多義現象以及詞形轉換的英語詞彙必須在語法上與原句子前後相一致。

1) When did Mr. Smith and his friends ______(到達) in China.(2005江蘇南通)

此題應該填arrive, arrive in爲固定詞組到達

2) How many _____(香蕉)have you picked?(2005浙江溫州)

Bananas, how many意爲“多少”,後面多接名詞複數

3) Would you like to go _____(釣魚)with me?(2005浙江溫州)

此題應該填fishing, go+動詞-ing, 表示去做某事。

4) He has much money but _____(少)friends, so he is not happy at all.(2005江蘇常州)

此題應該填few,空格後的friends是可數名詞,應該用few修飾

4) It is a ____(晴朗的)day. It is good to go boating in the park.

此題應該填sunny或者是fine

5)We are going to Beijing _____(在期間)our holidays.(2005安徽)

此題應該填during, during the holidays意爲在假期期間。

1).- Look, that is my new bike over there.

-Oh, it is an __________ (橙色的)one. So cool! (2005山東濱州)

該題所空之處應該填orange

1. I hear you‘re living ________ (高興)in the new building.

該題所空之處系修飾動詞living,應用副詞形式happily。

2. Keep _______(傳)the ball to each other, and you’ll be OK.

該題應填passing,keep後應接動詞的ing形式作賓語。

3. He _______ (清潔)our classroom every morning.

填cleans。主語是第三人稱單數,一般現在時,動詞用-s形式。

4. Li Ming is the best student in his class. He can dohis homework

without any t____.

填trouble。前半句的介紹對正確選出所填之詞很關鍵。

二、詞形轉換

本題型考查學生根據語法知識判斷詞形、轉換詞性和詞形以及運用詞彙組建句子的能力。解題時,學生首先要整體領悟和理解句子的意思,根據所給單詞的詞性極其在句子中的前後搭配關係,分析和明確其在句子中所要起的語法作用,然後

1) The building has ____(ten)floors.(2005江蘇常州)

Ten,這座樓房共有十層,ten做定語修飾floor

2) I think English is very careful. Are you _____(interest) in it?(2005江蘇宿遷)

Interested, be interested in爲固定詞組

2) The Greens live on the ____(nine)floor of the tall building.(2005江蘇無錫)

Ninth, nine的序數詞是ninth, 應該去掉e

3) Thursday id the ______(five) day of the week.(2005福州)

Fifth, five的序數詞是fifth

1. Who runs _______ in the class? (fast)

應填fastest。此處是有一比較的範圍in the class, 應用副詞fast的最

高級。

2. Jack‘s father often makes him ________ (do) his homework for three

hours every day .

應填do。make作"使、讓"講時,其不定式賓補不帶to。

3. There are a lot of tall ________ (build) in the city.

填buildings。首先根據句子結構考慮要用名詞, 其次要注意用複數。

4.. Look,how _______ the baby is running! (quick)

填quickly。根據感嘆句的結構判斷,此處應填副詞修飾動詞。

三、詞語釋義

這一題型的題目較多地反映在同義詞語或相同表達上。 如:take care of/look after, have a good t time/enjoy oneself, go to bed/go to sleep, be good at/do well in, by air/by plane, no longer / longer, keep doing sth. / go on doing sth. 等

例如:

1) Look out, David,! A car is coming.(2005河北)

A. Be careful B. Look outside C. Look around D. Look back

Look out=be careful 意爲當心,小心

2) Children always have a good time on Children’s Day.(2005福州)

A. help each other B. enjoy themselves C. look beautiful D. have a big dinner

Have a good time=enjoy oneself,意爲玩的快樂

1. Don‘t worry. Your daughter will be all right soon.

A. ill B y C. well D

答案C。all right指身體恢復健康。

2. "Thank you very much." "Not at all."

A. Sorry B. You are welcome

C. Certainly D. It doesn‘t matter

答案B。對感謝的答語還有:That’s all right. /Don‘t mention it等。