afraid/ fear/ frightened
Ⅰ. afraid 害怕是形容詞，只能作表語，而不能作定語，後接of 短語或不定式，構成 be afraid of sb. 和 be afraid to do sth
① She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。
② The little girl is afraid to go out at night.
afraid +that clause 恐怕， 是婉轉拒絕別人的'一種表達方式。 如：
① Im afraid (that) I cant go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去參加聚會了。我弟弟病了。
Ⅱ. fear 害怕是動詞，與be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用（特別是在口語中）。如：
① We fear no difficulty.我們不怕困難。
② Ｈe feared to speak his mind.他不敢說出自己的想法。
③ Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因爲怕他會受涼，我走去看他。
Ⅲ. frightened adj 受驚嚇的、害怕的可做表語，也可作定語。如：
① She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能動彈。
A frightened girl is crying. 一個受驚的女孩正在哭。
across/through/ over
Ⅰ. across 橫過、穿過，指從的一邊到另一邊。含義與on有關。如：
① I swam across the river. 我遊過這條河（指從此岸到彼岸）
