1、過去發生的兩個動作，先發生的`用過去完成時
With their help I realized that I had been wrong.
2、過去某時以前發生的動作或情況
He hasn’t finished yet.
He didn’t finish yesterday evening.
He hadn’t finished by yesterday evening.
3、常用過去完成時的情況
①No sooner…than…. Hardly…when…
No sooner had he begun his speech than he was interrupted
②expect, hope, think, want, suppose等動詞的過去完成時（或一般時）表示想做而未做的事
I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didn’t manage it.
4、使用過去完成時的必要性和非必要性
①句意十分清楚時，可用一般時
After I finished, I went home.
②常用一般過去時表示依次發生的動作
I got out of the taxi, paid the fare（車費) and managed it.
③有時必須明確，特別是含when時
When I arrived, Ann left.
(同時見到）（見到Ann)
When I arrived, Ann had left.
（先後發生）（沒見到）
5、常用過去完成時的時間主狀語
by the end of +過去時間 ； by + 過去時間
by the time + 過去時間；過去時間 + before
比較：
By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words .
By the time he is 11, he will have learned 3000 words.
By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words.
By the time next week, I will have learned 3000 words
