2. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 還在上小學時．她就在許多戲劇中扮演角色。
(1) While still a student & While she was still a student的省略形式。如果複合句中的狀語從句用了“主語十 be十名詞（形容詞，分詞）”結構，且主從句主語一致（或從句主語是it）時，可省略從句主語和動詞be，而只保留從句中的其他部分。又：
Water will boil when heated. 水加熱就會開。（省略了 it is）
I'11 repeat it several times, if necessary. 如果有必要，我可以重複好幾遍。（省略了 it is）
(2) play roles/a role扮演角色，起作用。如：Keanu Reeves played leading roles in many films. 基努’裏維斯在許多電影中扮演主角。
He played an important role in the research. 他在研究中起了重要作用。
ng the 1980s and 1990s she won many more prizes在二十世紀八十年代和九十年代，他獲得了更多獎項。
l）年代的表示法：the加上整十位數的複數形式 ( twenties 20s/20's; thirties 30s/30' s; forties 40s/40' s; fifties 50s/50' s :
These books were written in the 1830s( 1830's) . 這些書寫於十九世紀三十年代。
某人“幾十幾歲的表示法：物主代詞his，my，her，their等加上整十位數的複數形式。如：
He went to America for further education in his twenties. '他二十幾歲時去美國深造。
2) many more和much more的區別
many more修飾複數名詞much more修飾不可數名詞。如：I have many more books than you. 我的書比你的多得多。
much more用於修飾多音節形容詞或副詞，還可用於修飾不可數名詞。如：
This park is much more beautiful than that one. 這個公園比那個公園漂亮得多。
He has made much more progress this year than last year. 他今年的進步比去年大得多。
y, get married 和 be married表結婚
Dmarry可作及物動詞，後面直接接賓語；也可作不及物動詞，後面常跟副詞。如：
She/He is going to marry a doctor. 她／他將和一個醫生結婚。 He married late. 他結婚晚。 She married well. 她嫁給了一個有錢人。
get married 和 be married爲系表結構，後要加介詞 to才能跟賓語。如：She was married to an English man. 她同一個英國人結了婚。
He got married to a friend of mine last year. 去年他和我的一個朋友結了婚。
2)marry,get married均表瞬時動作，不能與 for…／since等“段時間”連用。 be married表示狀態，可與“段時間”連用。
如：他們結婚三十年了。 誤: They have married (got married) for thirty years. 正: They have been married for thirty years.
film quickly made him famous. 這部電影使他很快成名。
make在此爲使役動詞，意爲“使（做某事）”；‘駛（成爲）”。其賓語後要接補足語。補足語可爲：形容詞、過去分詞、名詞、省略to的不定式。
1)make十賓語十形容詞。如：We are doing our best to make our country even stronger. 我們在努力使我們國家更加強大。
2)make十賓語十過去分詞。如：He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood. 他講得很慢，以便大家能夠聽懂。
3)make 十賓語十名詞（短語）。如：They made him their team leader. 他們推選他當了隊長。
4)make十賓語十動詞原形。如：They made me do it. 他們讓我做那件事。
注意：如本句型用於被動語態，不定式前必須加to。如上句的被動語態爲：I was made to do it.
on後的定語從句和表語從句的引導詞。That 's the reason why (that, for which ) she left home.
l）定語從句：引導詞在從句中作狀語時，用why，that或for which 引導；作主語或賓語時，用that或which引導。如：
That 's the reason that / ( which ) he explained to us. 那就是她離家出走的原因。（作狀語）
2)reason 作主語時，其後的表語從句用that引導（不可錯用成 because）。如：
His health is getting worse and wore. The reason is that he drinks too much. 他的健康越來越差，原因是他喝酒太多。
m的用法
1）dream是可數名詞，意爲“夢”時，後跟about短語作定語；意爲“夢想，願望”時，後跟of短語作定語。如：
I had a dream about some elephants last night. 我昨晚夢見了一些大象。
His dream of visiting Beijing has come true. 他去北京的願望實現了。
2)dream 作動詞時，意爲“做夢，夢見”，有以下三種用法:後跟同原名詞作賓語;後跟of或about引起的介詞短語;後跟that從句
He dreamed a bad dream last night. 他昨晚做了場惡夢。 I often dreamed of (about ) you. 我常夢見你。
I dreamed that I could fly. 我夢見我能飛翔。
3) 表示“想到”、“嚮往；渴望”時，後跟of短語。如：I never dreamt of seeing you here. 我沒想到會在這兒見到你。
We dream of peace. 我們渴望和平。
8. “be十不定式”的用法
1）主語爲 dream， wish， idea， job，work， duty ，plan等名詞時，“be to do”是系表結構，表示主語是什麼。不定式表示的動作在渭語動詞之後發生。如：His wish was to be a teacher．他的願望是當一名老師。
Their plan is to finish building the house within a week. 他們的計劃是在一週內完成這房子。
2）主語是“人”時，“be to do”表示主語（計劃、安排）幹什麼。如：
I'm to meet him at the station. 我將到火車站接他。 They are to be married. 他們將要結婚。
9. by the sea 和 by sea的區別。
by the sea意爲“在海邊”; by sea意爲“乘船，走海路”。如：
Some children are playing by the sea. 一些孩子在海邊玩。 We went to Japan by sea. 我們乘船去日本。
off“脫掉”；“起飛”；“很快上升”
John took off his hat as he entered the room. 約翰一邊進屋子，一邊脫下帽子。
The plane took off at 9 a.m. this morning. 那架飛機今晨九時起飛。
Sales of home computers have taken off in recent years. 家庭電腦的銷售量近年來上升很快。
id的活用:
1)be afraid of +只作表語（一般不作定語），常用於以下句型：
be afraid of+名詞／動名詞（常擔心不良後果，尤其是用於某事的發生是出乎以外的，或這事的發生不是我們所希望或樂意的，這時只能用 be afraid of doing）。如：I'm afraid of dogs. 我害怕狗。 He was afraid of failing in the exam. 他害怕考試不及格。
I'm afraid of making mistakes when I speak English. 我講英語時總是怕出錯。
2)be afraid to do常指害怕而沒膽量去做 He was afraid to go back home alone in the evening. 晚上他害怕獨自回家。
3)be afraid for“爲……擔心”。如：I'm afraid for your health. 我爲你的健康擔心。
4)be afraid that意爲“認爲，恐怕”等，用於有禮貌地表達可能令人不愉快的信息。如：I'm afraid that we can't come. 恐怕我們不能來。
的幾種後置定語形式。
This is the best way to improve our English. 的後置定語有以下幾種形式：
l）以不定式作定語。如：There is only one way of doing the work well. 這是提高我們英語水平的最好方法。
He was pleased with the way she had accepted his gifts. 只有一種能把這件事做好的方法。
the end和 at the end的區別
1) 表示“最終”、“終於”時，兩者之間沒有明顯區別，通常可以互換。如：
In the end/At the end we find out the secret. 我們終於發現了這個祕密。
I hope everything will turn out all right in the end/at the end. 我希望最終一切都會順利。
2)at the end後面常接 of介詞短語，表示“在……的盡頭；在……的末端”。In the end 的後面不能跟 Of短語。如：
At the end of the road you will find the hospital.在這條路的盡頭，你會找到那家醫院的。
I went to Paris at the end of last year. 我去年年底去了巴黎。
8. owe的多重含義
1)owe既可作“欠錢”、“負債”解，又可作“感激”、“感謝”講，其後可跟雙賓語，間接賓語放後時要用to引導。如：
He owes his father 100 dollars(He owes 100 dollars to his father ) . 他欠他父親 100美元。
I owe my teachers a lot (I owe a lot to my teachers) . 我很感謝衆位老師。
2) 作“把……歸功於”時，用 owe sth to sb（sth）結構。如： We owe this discovery to Newton. 我們把這一發現歸功於牛頓。
He owes his success to luck. 他把成功歸功於運氣。
one's place“代替”、“入座”
Take one’s place作“代替”講時，可用 take the place of替換。如：Who will take Mr. Smith's place? 誰來代替史密斯先生呢？
Take one’s place作“代替”講時,可用 take the place of替換。 We had no one to take the place of John. 我們沒有誰能代替約翰的工作。
Shall we take our places at the table? 我們入席吧？
pe和run away的區別。
escape可作及物動詞（後跟名詞、動名詞）和不及物動詞。如：They are trying to escape punishment. 他們在儘量逃脫懲罰。
The soldier managed to escape being caught. 那個士兵沒法逃脫了被抓獲。
Some people escaped from the burning building. 一些人從燃燒着的大樓中逃了出來。
run away是個不及物動詞短語，表示“不辭而別，逃走”，在口語中常可與 escape互換。如：
The boy often runs away from school. 那男孩經常逃學。 As soon as the thief saw us, he ran away. 小偷一看見我們就逃跑了。
17. determine to do 和be determined to do的區別
1) 二者都表示“決定（幹某事）”，稍有不同的是：determine to do強調動作；be determined to do說明一種狀態，表示“已下定了堅定不移的決心”。如：He determined to go abroad. 他決定出國。 He was determined to go abroad. 他下了決心要出國。
2)determine是非延續動作，不能與表示時間段的狀語連用；be determined是一種延續狀態，可與時間段連用。如：他決定做此事已經很久了。誤：He determined to do it for a long time.正：He was determined to do it for a long time.
【語法點評］一、淺談“介詞十關係代詞”所引導的定語從句
要掌握“介詞十關係代詞”所引導的定語從句，我們要注意以下三點：
一、關係代詞的選用 在介詞後作賓語的關係代詞一般只有which和whom。如先行詞是物，引導詞用which；如先行詞是人，則引導詞用whom。如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. 這是我去上海所乘坐的船。
This is the student for whom I bought the book. 這是我給買書的那個學生。
二、介詞的選用 “介詞十關係代詞”中的介詞主要有以下三種確定方法：
1． 根據定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞來選用介詞。如：
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我給說話的那個人起先沒有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是個美麗的地方，杭州以此而聞名。(be famous for)
2．根據先行詞來確定介詞。如：In his room, we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books. 在他的屋子裏，我看見一張上面放着各種書的大桌子。(on the table)
Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. 昨天我們開了一個會，會上我們討論了許多問題。(at the meeting)
