中考語法知識專題:句型轉換

句型轉換題是中考英語試題中常見的題型之一,該題型主要考查學生對英語句型的掌握情況和靈活運用的能力。命題形式一般是給出一個英語句子,要求考生根據所提要求改寫這個句子。

核心知識

一、測試內容

1.句子種類的轉換:將肯定的陳述句改爲否定句。將陳述句改爲感嘆句、一般疑問句、反意疑問句、或特殊疑問句(即對劃線部分提問)。將簡單句轉換爲複合句。將並列句轉換爲簡單句。將兩個簡單句合併爲一個簡單句或複合句。

2.簡單句的幾種基本句型之間的轉換:如將主謂結構變爲主系表結構,將雙賓語結構改爲複合賓語結構等。

3.語態的轉換:將主動語態變爲被動語態或將被動語態變爲主動語態。

4.引語的轉換:將直接引語改爲間接引語或將間接引語改爲直接引語。

5.同義句轉換:在中考英語試題中,同義句轉換的題量較大,除了句型間的轉換外,有些是同義詞語間的轉換。

典型例題

二、解題方法

1.吃透原句。在答題時首先要弄清所給句子的句型結構、主語的人稱和數、謂語動詞的形式、以及全句的意思。

2.明確要求。要看清楚題目的要求,弄懂題意,不要盲目動筆。

3.對“症”下“藥”。即針對不同的要求採用不同的方法。

(1)將肯定句改爲否定句時,除要正確使用謂語動詞的否定形式外,還要將句中的some改爲any,將something改爲anything等。例如:

There is some rice in the bowl.→

There isn’t any rice in the bowl.

They bought something in the supermarket.→

They didn’t buy anything in the supermarket.

(2)將陳述句改爲一般疑問句時,要根據陳述句中的謂語動詞及其時態形式確定其疑問式,同時還要注意將原句中的some改爲any,將something改爲anything等。例如:

I’ve got some money with me.→

Have you got any money with you?

said something about the accident at themeeting.→

Did say anything about the accident at the meeting?

(3)將陳述句改爲反意疑問句時,除了遵循陳述部分若爲肯定式,疑問部分則用否定式和陳述部分若爲否定式,疑問部分則用肯定式的原則外,還要注意:當陳述部分含有little,few,no,nothing,never等否定意義的詞時,疑問部分要用肯定形式。另外,還要注意部分情態動詞的特殊情況,如當陳述部分爲must be,表示對現在情況的推測,作“一定”或“肯定”

講時,疑問部分的動詞一般用be的相應否定形式,而不用mustn’t。例如:

Tom likes reading,doesn’t he?

There weren’t any mice in the room,were there?

There is little water in the cup,is there?

They must be in the reading-room,aren’t they?

(4)對劃線部分提問時,可按一定、二移(或加)、三變化、四刪除的步驟進行。第一步“定”,就是根據劃線部分的內容確定適當的疑問詞。如問時間用when或what time,問地點用where,問價錢用howmuch,問年齡用how old,問原因用why,問“做什麼事”用what…do/does/did等。第二步“移(或加)”,就是將句子結構改爲一般疑問句的形式,如果謂語部分含有系動詞be,助動詞be,will,have或情態動詞時,則將這類動詞移到句首。如果謂語動詞是行爲動詞,則需在主語前加助動詞do,does或did。但是,如果劃線部分是原句的主語或主語部分的定語,則不需要這一步。第三步“變化”,即對句子中某些詞作相應的變化,除了將謂語動詞變爲原形動詞外,還要注意將原句中句首單詞(專有名詞除外)的首字母改爲小寫,將句中的some變爲any,將句號變爲問號等。第四步“刪除”,就是去掉被疑問詞替換的劃線部分的詞。例如:

My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice.→

How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong?

It took the artist half an hour to draw the beautifulhorse.→

How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse?

Her mother is a nurse.→

What is her mother?

The children are playing football on the playground.→

Where are the boys playing football?

He read some newspapers in the reading room.→

What did he do in the reading-room?

(5)將陳述句變爲感嘆句時,首先要確定是用what還是用how開頭。如果強調部分的中心詞是名詞,就用what;若是形容詞或副詞,則用how。然後將所強調的部分移至what或how之後,要注意去掉修飾這一形容詞或副詞的副詞。例如:

He is a very good teacher.→

What a good teacher he is!

They danced quite well.→

How well they danced!

(6)將簡單句變爲複合句或將複合句變爲並列句或簡單句時,既要注意句子的結構變化,又要注意不能改變句子的意思。要重視一些常用連詞和動詞的非謂語形式的用法。例如:

We think it true.→

We think that it is true.

If you use your head,you’ll find a way.→

Use you head,then you’ll find a way.

He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.→

He was too angry to say a word.

(7)將主動語態變爲被動語態時,謂語動詞變爲be+過去分詞”形式,這裏的be除了要與原句在時態上保持一致外,還要與句子的主語在人稱和數等方面保持一致。例如:

They have set up a new primary school in myhometown.→

A new primary school has been set up in myhometown.

(8)將直接引語改爲間接引語時,除了要對人稱代詞、動詞時態、時間狀語和地點狀語等作相應的變化外,有時還要更改相應的謂語動詞或將謂語動詞改爲非謂語形式。例如:

The teacher said,“Will you come here next Sunday?”→

The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday.

The woman said to the boy,“Go away.”→

The woman ordered the boy to go away.

(9)在作同義詞語的轉換時,首先要理解原句的意思,然後根據原句的意思和要補全句子的結構填入所缺少的詞,使兩句意思相同或相近。例如:

My father drives to work every day.→

My father goes to work by car every day.

May I borrow your bike,please?→

Can you lend me your bike, please?

4.仔細檢查。一是從所寫答案是否符合題目的要求方面來檢查。二是從句子的時態、語態、人稱和數方面來檢查。三是從單詞的拼寫與標點符號的使用方面來檢查。四是將兩個句子相互對照來檢查。如先看“對劃線部分提問”的答案(問句),再看原句(答句),這樣一問一答,容易判斷正誤。