現在完成時表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果或表示過去的動作或狀態持續到現在。
一、引入：
-Did you visit Beijing before? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn’t.
Have you ever visited Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.
Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.
二、定義:
現在完成時表示到現在爲止已經完成或仍在持續的動作、狀態；強調對現在的影響或聯繫。
三、 結構:
have/has+p.p.(動詞過去分詞)
接觸一：肯定句式 現在完成時的肯定句式是“have（has）＋過去分詞”。如：
① We have just finished our homework．
② She has gone home．
注意：
1）該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用於第三人稱單數，其它人稱一律用have。
2）該句式中have（has）和過去分詞之間可用just插入。
3）把該句式譯成漢語時，往往用“已經”、“剛剛”、“過”或“了”等。
接觸二：否定句式：現在完成時的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋過去分詞”。如：
⑥ We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．
⑦ The train hasn't stopped yet．
接觸三：疑問句式 現在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。
③ Have you read this story book yet？
特殊疑問句及反意疑問句結構如下：
④ What have you done with my bike?
⑤ You've read this story book, haven't you?
注意：1）現在完成時的一般疑問句往往在句末加yet。
2）把現在完成時的一般疑問句譯成漢語時，
往往譯成“……過嗎？”、“已經……了嗎？”等。
3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，
否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有時用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。
四、過去分詞（規則＋ed）
1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed 2）liked lived moved
3）stopped dropped robbed planned， preferred 4）carried，worried，tried，cried
五、現在完成時常與一些詞、詞組連用 :
1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已經） 、
yet（仍、還）、just （剛剛）、before（以前)
2、for +一段時間 : for two days 有兩天了
3. in the past/last＋一段時間 : in the past ten years 在剛過去的十年裏
4. since + 過去某一個時間: since 1991 : 自從1991年到現在
一段時間 + ago since 14 years ago: 自從14年前到現在
一般過去時句子: since I was born : 自從我出生到現在
already, yet, ever, never, just的用法
Already 肯定句，強調已經的意,放句中或句末.
I have already finished my homework.
= I have finished my homework already.
yet 否定句、問句，表示還沒，沒有的意思,放句末
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet?
ever 問句，表示曾經的意思 Has John ever been to Zhuhai?
never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示從沒的意思 He has never been to China.
just 肯定句，表示剛剛的意思 I have just come back from China.
練習：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空
1. Have you seen the film ( )?
2. Have you done your homework ( )? -Not ( ), I will do it after supper.
3. Have you ( ) been to England? -no, ( ).
4. I have ( ) finished reading the book.
5. I have ( ) paid for the car.
for, since及how long
For + 時間段：表示某個動作持續了多長時間
Joey has been in New York for 10 years.
Since + 時間點（具體時間/ … ago/ 某個動作發生的時間 ）：
表示某個動作是從什麼時候開始的，間接地表示這個動作持續的時間
Joey has been in New York since 1996.
Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.
Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.
兩者都可以回答由How long引導的問題。
How long has Joey been in New York?
練習：用for, since及how long填空
1. The wind has blown ( ) 2 hours.
2. The dog has stayed there ( ) it ate its dinner.
3. ( ) has the old man lain in bed?
4. The teacher has thought about the problem ( ) yesterday.
5. The horse has run ( ) quite a long time.
6. The ducks have swum ( ) thirty minutes.
7. The poor child has worn the old clothes ( ) 7 years old.
六、have been to, have gone to
Have (has) been to表示曾經到過某地（通常現在已經回來了）
My mother has been to London twice. 媽媽去過兩次倫敦。（媽媽現在已經回來了，在家）
Have (has) gone to 表示已經去了某地（通常不在說話的地方）
My mother has gone to London. 媽媽去了倫敦。（媽媽現在就在倫敦，不在家）
練習：
1. Jenny is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.
2. Jane isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?
3. My father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.
4. It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.
5. The manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.
6. The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.
have been to, have been in, have been
Have been to 去過某地，現在不在那裏 I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.
Have been in 一直呆在某地，後接地點
I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.
Have been 後接名詞和表狀態的'詞組 I have been a teacher since 2004.
I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.
練習：
1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?
B: He ______________the school library.
Greens _____________China for three years.
We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.
1. Some of us have ______________ Zhuhai for only a week.
2. Susan has ______________ in this band for over five years.
3. My father has ______________Guangdong several times.
4. It has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.
5. He loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.
6. Judie has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.
7. Tony has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.
8. Betty’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesn’t feeling like going out.
9. The boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.
七、瞬間動詞和持續性動詞用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷；
瞬間動詞表示行爲的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
Julia has borrowed the book. Julia已經借了那本書。
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
Julia has kept the book for 3 days. Julia已借了三天這本書了。
用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示“到…才…”
He didn‘t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10 點纔回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
瞬間動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,但是他可以轉換成相應的延續性動詞.
1.直接用延續性動詞
buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep Come/go /become—be
put on-- wear
2.轉換成be+名詞
join the army – be a soldier
Join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
3轉換成be+形容詞或副詞
die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on
leave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed
4.轉換成 be+介詞短語
go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army
1.我們買這本書三年了.
We have had the book for three years.
We bought the book three years ago
2.他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
1. His uncle ____________ (die) for two years.
left his hometown three years ago. (改爲同義句)
He ________ _______ _________ _______ his hometown for three years.
瞬間動詞和持續動詞的練習
判斷正誤：
1. Ann has become a teacher for 4 years.
2. Maria has borrowed the CD from me for a over a week.
3. Jeff hasn’t had a day off since last Monday.
4. Norman has put the machine right for a few hours.
5. The students have finished the homework for a while.
6. The front door has been open for 8 hours already.
7. The meeting has lasted for two hours and a half.
8. Berry has been late for school several times this term.
9. I have met Philip once.
10. The Greens have eaten the supper for two hours.
八、現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果，強調的是現在的情況，所以它不能和過去具體的時間連用,而過去時可以.一般過去時常和過去時間短語連用。
1. He ____________(work) in our school for one year.
2. He ______(come) to our school last year/in 2002.
3. They _______________(cook) the supper already.
4. They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.
練習：Finish the sentences with the correct tenses:
A city ________ (be) born beside the Pearl River 2000 years ago. Later it__________ (become) bigger and more important. It _______________ (change) a lot in the last few years. Now the Baiyun Hills,Tianhe and Fangcun_______________(be) parts of the City. Baiyun hotel ___________(be) once the tallest building in China. But now many buildings _________ ( be) much taller than it . People in Guangzhou ____________(build) many new buildings these years. In its long life, the city ___________(have) four you know what are they ?
現在完成時鞏固練習
Multiple choice
1. You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A haven’t you B have you C do you D don’t you
2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai. ---So ________ her parents.
A. do B. does C. has D. have
3. – I have watched the game.
--When ____ you ____ it?
A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch
4. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live
5. His grandma ______ for two years.
A died B has been dead C was dead D has died
6. –Where is Han Mei now?
--- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A has gone B has been C goes D had gone
7. ---_____ to the United Stated ? ---- No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
A. Did you go B. Do you go C. Have you been D. Have you gone
8. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?
A do you B are you C have you D did you
（1-8 BDCBB ACC）
Translation
1. I have already finished my homework．
我已經做完家庭作業了。
2. He has just had his meal．
他剛吃過飯。
3. Have you ever sung this English song？
你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？
4. They haven’t started yet．
他們還沒有動身。
5. We have never heard of it．
我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。
6. I've been to Beijing three times.
我去過北京三次。
閱讀理解
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer . He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different place in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there , he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
1. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?
The writer has been in Australia for 6 months.
Tim is a mechanic and he’s working in Australia.
Tim is working for an Australian firm.
Tim is working for a big firm as an engineer.
2. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?
Time has been in Darwin for 6 months.
It’s the first time Tim has ever been to another country.
Perth is in the centre of Australia.
Tim’s brother has never been abroad before.
寫作平臺
１、Talk about some places which you are interested in. Why do you like there?
２、用英語寫一段話，要求組織好材料，安排層次，勘酌詞句，並注意書寫工整。
字數在６０字以上。
１）上星期天我去杭州旅遊。
２）我以前從沒去過如此美麗的城市。
３）杭州以西湖著名，有許多名勝古蹟。
４）遊園，划船，爬山，美好時刻，終生難忘．
