現在完成時表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果或表示過去的動作或狀態持續到現在。
有關現在完成時的課件
一、引入：-Did you visit Beijing before?-Yes, I did.-No, I didn’t.
Have you ever visited Beijing?Yes, I ________,I ________.
Have you ever been to Beijing?Yes, I ________,I ________.
二、定義:現在完成時表示到現在爲止已經完成或仍在持續的動作、狀態；強調對現在的影響或聯繫。
三、結構:have/has+p.p.(動詞過去分詞)
接觸一：肯定句式現在完成時的肯定句式是“have（has）＋過去分詞”。如：
①We have just finished our homework．
②She has gone home．
注意：
1）該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用於第三人稱單數，其它人稱一律用have。
2）該句式中have（has）和過去分詞之間可用just插入。
3）把該句式譯成漢語時，往往用“已經”、“剛剛”、“過”或“了”等。
接觸二：否定句式：現在完成時的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋過去分詞”。如：
⑥We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．
⑦The train hasn't stopped yet．
接觸三：疑問句式現在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。
③Have you read this story book yet？
特殊疑問句及反意疑問句結構如下：
④What have you done with my bike?
⑤You've read this story book, haven't you?
注意：
1）現在完成時的一般疑問句往往在句末加yet。
2）把現在完成時的一般疑問句譯成漢語時，
往往譯成“……過嗎？”、“已經……了嗎？”等。
3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，
否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有時用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。
四、過去分詞（規則＋ed）
1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed2）likedlivedmoved
3）stoppeddroppedrobbedplanned，preferred4）carried，worried，tried，cried
五、現在完成時常與一些詞、詞組連用:
1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已經）、yet（仍、還）、just（剛剛）、before（以前)
2、for +一段時間:for two days有兩天了
3. in the past/last＋一段時間:in the past ten years在剛過去的十年裏
4. since +過去某一個時間:since 1991 :自從1991年到現在
一段時間+ agosince 14 years ago:自從14年前到現在
一般過去時句子:since I was born :自從我出生到現在
already, yet, ever, never, just的用法
Already肯定句，強調已經的意,放句中或句末.
I have already finished my homework.= I have finished my homework already.
yet否定句、問句，表示還沒，沒有的意思,放句末
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet?
ever問句，表示曾經的'意思Has John ever been to Zhuhai?
never含否定意思的肯定句，表示從沒的意思He has never been to China.
just肯定句，表示剛剛的意思I have just come back from China.
練習：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空
you seen the film ()?
you done your homework ()?-Not (), I will do it after supper.
you () been to England?-no, ().
4.I have () finished reading the book.
5.I have () paid for the car.
for, since及how long
For +時間段：表示某個動作持續了多長時間
Joey has been in New York for 10 years.
Since +時間點（具體時間/ … ago/某個動作發生的時間）：
表示某個動作是從什麼時候開始的，間接地表示這個動作持續的時間
Joey has been in New York since 1996.
Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.
Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.
兩者都可以回答由How long引導的問題。
How long has Joey been in New York?
練習：用for, since及how long填空
wind has blown () 2 hours.
dog has stayed there () it ate its dinner.
3.() has the old man lain in bed?
teacher has thought about the problem () yesterday.
horse has run () quite a long time.
ducks have swum () thirty minutes.
poor child has worn the old clothes () 7 years old.
六、have been to, have gone to
Have (has) been to表示曾經到過某地（通常現在已經回來了）
My mother has been to London twice.媽媽去過兩次倫敦。（媽媽現在已經回來了，在家）
Have (has) gone to表示已經去了某地（通常不在說話的地方）
My mother has gone to London.媽媽去了倫敦。（媽媽現在就在倫敦，不在家）
練習：
y is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.
isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?
father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.
’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.
manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.
tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.
have been to,have been in,have been
Have been to去過某地，現在不在那裏I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.
Have been in一直呆在某地，後接地點
I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.
Have been後接名詞和表狀態的詞組I have been a teacher since 2004.
I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.
練習：
1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?
B:He ______________the school library.
Greens _____________China for three years.
We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.
of us have ______________ Zhuhai for only a week.
n has ______________ in this band for over five years.
father has ______________Guangdong several times.
has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.
loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.
e has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.
has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.
y’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesn’t feeling like going out.
boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.
七、瞬間動詞和持續性動詞用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷；
瞬間動詞表示行爲的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
Hehas completedthe work. 他已完成了那項工作。(表結果)
Juliahas borrowedthe a已經借了那本書。
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
Julia has kept the book for 3 a已借了三天這本書了。
用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示“做……直到……”瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示“到…才…”
Hedidn‘tcome backuntil ten o’clock.他到10點纔回來。
He sleptuntilten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
瞬間動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,但是他可以轉換成相應的延續性動詞.
1.直接用延續性動詞
buy– havecatch(get) a cold –have a coldborrow—keepCome/go /become—be
put on-- wear
2.轉換成be+名詞
join the army – be a soldier
Join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
3轉換成be+形容詞或副詞
die—be deadfinish – be overbegin—be on
leave—be awayfall sleep – be asleepclose – be closed
4.轉換成be+介詞短語
go to school– be in schooljoin the army – be in the army
