Unit 15 The necklace重、難點講解

Unit 15 The necklace

教學重、難點講解

1.Each scene will give you a club that you can use to solve the mystery.

每個場景都會給你一個線索,你可以用來解開謎團。

①scene是不可數名詞,意爲“一場,一個鏡頭;現場;景色”

He added a new scene at the beginning. 在開頭他又加了一場戲。

We missed the first few scenes of the film.

我們錯過了這場電影開始的幾個鏡頭。

The people crowded round the scene of the accident.

人們聚集在出事地點周圍。

②mystery是可數名詞,意爲“神祕的事”。例如:

How the Pyramids were built is still a mystery.

金字塔是怎樣建造起來的仍然是個謎。

mystery也可作不可數名詞,意爲“神祕狀態,神祕處”。例如:

The Lady’s mystery makes her charming. 那女士的神祕之處正是她魅力所在。mystery的形容詞形式是mysterious.

2.It got dark before they could get home,so the friends have to spend the night in the old Black Tower on the mountain.

他們還沒到家,天就黑了,因此這幾個朋友只好在山上的老黑塔裏度過這個夜晚。

before引導時間狀語從句時,其基本意思是“在……之前”,但在不同的語境中,可有不同的理解。我們在上學期學過這樣的句子

①It took them seven years before they got married.(…才)

②Before she could think twice,the water was upon her.(還沒來得及…就)

③If we know more about what causes endangerment,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.(趁着…)

3.I’m sorry,but I don’t think I know you. 對不起,但是我想我不認得你,I don’t think I know you爲否定轉移,類似用法的動詞還有believe,suppose,imagine,expect等。否定轉移就是把主句變成否定句,而賓語從句變成肯定句,但主句的主語必須是第一人稱,這種句子在漢語表達方式正好相反。例如:

I don’t believe she has lost the necklace. 我認爲她並沒有丟失項鍊。

I don’t suppose they’ll be back tonight. 我想他們今晚不會來了。

如果這類句子要改寫成反意疑問句,則當依據賓語從句及“否定 肯定”的原則來寫。故上面兩句的反意疑問句分別爲:……,has she?……,will they?但如果主句的主語不是第一人稱,而是第二、三人稱,則反意疑問句當根據主句來改寫。例如:

You don’t think she is able to work out this problem,do you?

你認爲她不能夠解決這個問題,是不是?

He didn’t think I understood him,did he?

他認爲我不理解他,是不是?

4.In fact you do,but you may not remember me.

事實上你認識我,但你也許不記得我了。

In fact you do = In fact you know me.

do,does,did可用來代替前面出現過的一般現在時和一般過去時的動詞。例如:

①-May I call on you in the morning? -Yes, please do.

②He does the dog more than his wife does.

5.I didn’t recognize you. 我剛纔沒認出你來。

過去時在語境中運用起來往往有較大的靈活性,可表示在說話之前的情況,意爲“剛剛……”,“原先……”,“原來……”等,注意不能憑漢語思維去解題。本知識點在高考中多次出現。例如:

①Hello,I _______ you _______ in London. How long have you been here?

A.don’t know;were B.hadn’t known;are

C.haven’t known;are D.didn’t know;were

②The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk,right under my nose.

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost

C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost

答案分別爲DB

6.That’s because of hard work-ten years of hard work.

那是因爲勞累的緣故--十年的辛苦勞作。

①ten years of hard work = ten years’ hard work 英語中常常用到這種of結構,以使語言表達更生動。如:

He has completed sixty years of teaching.

Four hours of bus ride made all of us tired.

②because of是介詞短語,跟名詞或代詞,意思與because一樣,“爲了,由於”例如:

I’ll choose that suit because of its style. 由於那套服裝的顏色我會選擇它。

Mother got angry because of what you did.

7.Years of hard work,very little food,only a small cold room to live in and never,never a moment’s rest.

多年勞累,食不果腹,寒舍斗室,無從休息。

①這段話四個名詞詞組構成,表明了四個完整的意思,這種結構叫單成分句。它本身就是一個相對完整的語言單位,無需補充其他的句子成分。使用這種單成分句顯得言簡意明,深刻感人。

②to live in是不定式作定語,修飾room。注意在作後置定語、狀語的不定式中,如果構成不定式的動詞是及物動詞,那麼動詞與前面的名詞或代詞之間一般構成邏輯上的動賓關係;但如果構成不定式的是不及物動物,或及物動詞已有賓語,後面就需加適當的介詞,與前面的名詞或代詞構成邏輯介賓關係。

8.That has been my life for the past ten years.那就是我過去十年的生活。

①for the past ten years中的for也可換成in,during或over,在說到“在過去……時間裏”,句子的謂語用現在完成時態。

in the past意爲“在過去”,指遙遠的過去,與現在截然分開,應用一般過去時,

比較:In the past,I always thought you were my friend.

Great changes have taken place in the past 20 years in China.

9.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago. when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?

10年前的一個下午,我到你家借過一條項鍊,你還記得嗎?

句中when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours是定語從句,修飾先行詞one afternoon,ten years ago是定語,也修飾one afternoon,定語從句與先行詞被分隔開來,這叫作分隔定語從句。如:

I was the only person in my office who was invited.(who引起的定語從句被in my office分隔。)

The necklace was gone that Mathile borrowed from her good friend Jeanne.(that引起的定語從句被謂語分隔)

10.I was the only person in my office who was invited. I’ve written to accept the invitation.

我是我們辦公室裏唯一被邀請的,我已經寫信接受邀請了。

accept“接受、接納”,它表示的行爲不僅有receive的含義,而且是主觀意願決定的,含有承諾之意。

receive“接到,收到”,指客觀上收到,與主觀意願沒什麼關係,另外,receive還有“接納,接待”例如:

Jason received many presents on his birthday. Jason在生日那天收到許多禮物。

Max was warmly received there. Max在那兒受到熱情接待。

I cannot accept your offer of help. 我不能接受你的主動幫助。

He asked her to marry him and she accepted him.

他向她求婚。她答應了。

11.But,just this once. After all,this ball is very important.

不過,就只這麼一次。這次舞會畢竟很重要啊。

①just this once是一個單成分句,其本身是一個相對完整的語言單位,不需要增補其它的句子成分,意思是承接上文而來--雖然要花一大筆錢,但是要花就花這一次吧。在註釋7條已經解釋過。

②after all“畢竟”、“終究”、“到底”,它有兩個含意:

1)“要知道……”,“別忘了……”,表示說話人對別人的態度,用來說服或提醒對方,引出聽話人似乎忘記了的某個重要的論點或理由。在表示這個意思時,一般把after all放在句首。課文的句子就有這層含意。又如:

It’s not surprising you’re tired. After all, you were up until eleven last night!

難怪你感到疲倦。別忘了,你昨天晚上11點才睡覺呢。

2)“雖然有前面說過的話”或“和預期的情況相反”,表示說話人意思的轉折,有“雖然……,但畢竟……”的含意。在表示這層意思時,after all一般放在句末。例如:

Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace,but it wasn’t a real one after all.

Mathilde原以爲那是一條鑽石項鍊,但那終歸不是真的鑽石項鍊。

12.I have no jewellery to wear. 我還沒有首飾戴呢!

①wear“穿着,戴着”,表示穿戴的狀態,也可以表示留髮式、留鬍鬚、戴手錶、首飾等。

She was wearing a gold ring/ a red flower in her hair.

她戴着金戒指/頭上戴着一朵紅花。

Many women wear their hair short now.

現在很多婦女留短髮。

We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun.

我們戴太陽鏡以保護我們的眼睛免遭太陽曬傷。

與wear的同義詞還有:dress,have on,put on,in,with

②dress作不及物動詞“穿好衣服”,作及物動詞,表示動作或狀態,賓語只能是“人”,不能接衣服,表示“給……穿衣服”。

She washed,dressed and went out.

Mary is too young to dress herself.

be dressed in表示某人穿着什麼衣服

The nurses are all dressed in white.

③have on(=be wearing)“穿着、戴着”(衣服、帽子、鞋),表示狀態,不能用進行時態。

The Emperor had nothing on in the procession.

遊行時,皇帝一絲不掛。

④put on“穿戴”表示動作,反義詞爲take off.

It’s cold today. You’d better put on more clothes.

⑤in後接衣服,也可接顏色,可作定語或和be連用作謂語。

The man in blue is our teacher.

⑥with表示穿戴、只能作定語,而且只能和眼鏡、手套等連用,不能接衣服。

The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.

13.Does that matter? Can’t you just wear a flower instead?

這要緊嗎?難道不可以戴朵花嗎?

①matter用作不及物動詞,意爲“很要緊”、“重要”、“有很大關係”。如:

Does it matter if we’re a bit late? 我們晚到一會兒有關係嗎?

It doesn’t matter if you’re late--we’ll wait for you.

您來晚了也不要緊--我們會等着您的。

②Can’t you wear a flower instead? 是一個否定疑問句,這類用can’t / don’t haven’t / aren’t等開頭的否定疑問句常用來表示說話者對某事感到驚訝、意外,並含有批評、責難之意,相當於漢語的“難道……嗎?”如:

Don’t you know her name? She is your music teacher.

Can’t you help your good friend? Just this once.

難道你不該幫助你的好朋友嗎?就這一次呀!

14.Everybody else will be wearing jewellery。別人都將戴着首飾。

will be wearing是將來進行時態,表示將來某個時候在做的事,也可表示按計劃安排將來要執行的動作,這一結構不帶感情色彩,有時表示婉轉的口氣。如:

What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?

I hope you’ll be sending her over soon.

我希望你很快把她送過來。

15.She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁給了一位很有錢的人。marry可作及物動詞,意爲“嫁”、“娶”解。

His daughter married a handsome man. 她女兒嫁給了一個英俊的小夥子。

John is going to marry Alice. 約翰要娶愛麗斯。

marry還可作不及物動詞,意爲“結婚”

He married late in life. 他結婚很晚。

表示“與某人結婚”時,可用be married(to sb)表示狀態,可延續;get married(to sb)表示動作,不延續。例如:

Mary has been married to Smith for twenty years.

16.So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery.

①so是連詞,作“因此”,“於是”,“這樣”解,用來承上啓下,表示話語的邏輯順序,也可以把so放在句首,和前面的句子相連。

You aren’t listening, so I’ll shut up. 你們不聽,我也就不講了。

So she had to marry a man she didn’t like.

②call on/upon 作“訪問”、“看望”、“拜訪”解,常指正式的社交或業務往來(to visit sb. formally, either socially or on business).例如:

call at後接地點,表示到某處去拜訪某人

pay a visit與visit同義,是正式用語,常表示進行時間較長的訪問,既可指進行友好的社交性的訪問,也可指因職務關係而進行的訪問。

when does she visit you again?

Last night I called on Mr Black and had a long talk with him.

Perhaps we’ll pay a visit to China next month.

我們也許會在下個月訪問中國。

17.Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.

我和比爾在舞會上的確玩得很痛快。

①注意本句中的Pierre and I,一般不說I and Pierre. 英語中習慣把別人放在前面,而把自己放在後面,以示謙遜,如he and I,my brother and I而漢語通常說“我和他”,“我和弟弟”,例如:

Mr White and I were invited to the ball.

我和懷特先生受到邀請參加舞會。

但在承認錯誤的時候,英語往往是把I放在其他人的前面,以示勇於認錯。例如:

I and Mr White are to blame. 我和我兄弟犯了這個錯誤。

②Pierre and I did have a good time…中的did是助動詞,用在肯定句中,起強調作用,常有感情色彩,可譯成“真的”、“的確”等詞語。其後的動詞要用原形。又如:

You do look nice today. 你今天看來真是漂亮

We did need help those days. 在那些日子裏我們的確需要幫助。

③ball指佈置豪華考究的舞會。如:the royal ball皇家舞會

dance爲一般用語,泛指有跳舞行爲的聚會,普通的舞會。

party指聚會、集合、宴會,主要表示邀請有關人士到一起聚會、聚餐或祝賀某人的生日等,也可跳舞。

18.During the next ten years we both worked day and night to pay for it.

在後來的十年裏爲了償還這筆借款,我們兩個不分晝夜地幹活。

①day and night = night and day“日日夜夜,不分晝夜”是名詞詞組作狀語。

如:He worked day and night to support his family.爲了養家餬口,他日夜工作。

②pay back“償還;還錢”,可用來表示“還錢給某人”pay back money to sb,也可說“還錢作爲支付……的費用”pay back the money for sth,也可作“報復”解pay for意爲“支付……的費用”。其常用句型是:pay for sth;pay sb for sth;pay(sb)some money for sth.或pay some money to sb. for sth.

pay off one’s debts 還清債務

例如:We must pay the money back to you tomorrow.

我們明天一定還你錢。

I paid them 5 pounds for the book.我付了他們5英鎊買那本書。

Soon they paid off the debts. 不久他們就把債務全部還清了。

19.It was worth five hundred francs at the most. 它最多值500法郎。

①at the most = at most最多、至多

I can pay you 10 pounds at(the)most. 我最多付你10英鎊.

There were only 30 people at the meeting at(the)most.

最多隻有30個人參加了那個會議。

比較:at least 至少,最少 如:

He is at least as tall as you. 他至少和你一樣高。

②worth的用法

sth. be worth + n 值多少錢

doing 值得做……

The book is worth 10 dollars.

This film is worth seeing.

He said life wouldn’ t be worth living without friendship.

他說人生若沒有友情就不值得活下去。

注意1)be worth後跟動詞-ing形式,並且它與前面主語存在動賓關係,所以不用被動。

2)如果說“很值得”,應說be well worth而不能用very,very much等。

③cost和worth在漢語意思上有相同意思,但在結構上有所不同。

sth. cost+ money = be worth + money.(cost爲動詞,而worth爲形容詞)

cost還可以構成 sb. + money表“某物花了某人多少錢”或“某人花了多少錢買某物”。例如:

The necklace cost us thirty-six thousand francs.

cost還可以用來構成it cost+money to do sth. 表“花多少錢做某事”。例如:

It cost seven thousand yuan to buy this computer.

花了七千元買這一臺電腦。