Lesson 65
1. Do you know our manager is going to have a new factory built? 你認爲我們經理會打算建一座新工廠嗎? have a new factory built 建一座新工廠 have sth done 這個句式有兩層意思. 1). 讓別人做某事; 使事得以做成; 2). 主語意外遭受損失; 例如: I had a tooth filled yesterday. 我昨天去補了一顆牙. I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了發. Peter had his right leg broken while playing football. 彼得踢足球時傷了右腿.
2. People have been talking of it a lot recently. 對這件事人們一直談論很多呢. have been talking現在完成進行時 其結構是 “have been + v-ing ”, 這個動作到現在可能還在進行. 例如: Where have you been? What have you been doing? 你到哪兒去了? 幹什麼了? I have been sitting in the next room all afternoon. 整個下午我一直坐在隔壁房子裏. Children have been watching TV after school. 孩子們放學後一直在看電視. talk to sb. 同某人談話; talk with sb. 同某人交談; talk over sth. 商量某事
3. I simply don’t know. 我對此簡直是一無所知. simply adv. 簡直, 完全; 僅僅, 只不過. 例如: You house is simply lovely. 你的房子真是太漂亮了. I simply can’t accept your apology. 我絕對不可能接受你的道歉. It is simply a matter of course. 這不過是理所當然的事.
4. Right now we can’t produce goods quickly enough for all our customers. 目前我們無法給所有的主顧迅速交貨. goods 貨物; 商品; 財產(可動產); 不與數詞連用, 做主語時謂語動詞用複數. 例如: The goods arrived in good order. 那些貨物運到時完好無損. Half his goods were stolen. 他貨物的一半遭竊了. goods無單數形式, 可受many, these的修飾.
5. The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the area. 大多數市民都要求鼓勵在本地區建立新的產業. majority大多數; 大半. 單數形式複數意義. 後面常接 “of +名詞” 結構, 這時謂語應由名詞決定單數或複數. 例如: The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health. 絕大多數醫生認爲吸菸有害. The majority of Chinese people have TV sets. 絕大多數中國人有電視機 majority of the damage is easy to repair. 絕大部分的損壞很容易修復. A majority of the stock is held by the company. 該公司持有半數以上的股份. ***當我們把多數看成一個整體與少數相對比時, 謂語用單數. 再如: Who says the majority is always able to impose its will on the minority? 誰說大多數人總是能將意思強加於少數人呢? minority少數; 少數民族(可加s)
6. New jobs are needed because a number of people are out of work. 新的工作崗位是需要的, 因爲許多人都失業了. out of work失業 = out of job ; out of breath氣喘吁吁; out of order出毛病了= out of control; out of practice荒疏了; out of patience不耐煩了.
7. But some people don’t want good farmland to be built on. 但有些人不願把良田用來蓋廠房. want sth to be done 例如: I want the talk to be listened to. 我要讓大家聽一下這個報告.
8. I think our manager will persuade the government to let him build a new factory. 我想經理會說服政府部門讓他蓋新廠房的. persuade vt. 說服, 勸說 persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 勸服某人幹某事 例如: We persuaded him to go back to work./ into going back to work . 我們勸服了他回去上班了. 表示 “勸說了” 用advise sb. to do sth. / try to persuade sb. to do sth. 例如: Mr. Li advised me to go to Tibet for holidays.
1.
Lesson 66
1. Throughout the world, computers will be used more and more in the future. 將來全世界會越來越多地使用計算機. throughout the world = all over the world全世界, throughout prep.
既可以表示地點範圍, 也可以表示時間; 而all over只能表示地點範圍. 例如: He looked for you all over / throughout the building / school. 他在學校內到處找你. It attracted the attention of the people all over / throughout the world.它引起了全世界人民的關注. We laughed throughout the film. adv. 到處；始終；例如：They painted the house throughout.他們把房子內外刷了個遍. He remained silent throughout. 他始終保持沉默.
2. Computers control the watering of the plants as well as the light and the temperature. 計算機既控制作物的灌溉, 還控制光照和溫度. as well as 與 not only…but also…; 區別：as well as 所連接兩個並列成分時強調前者，not only…but also…所連接兩個並列成分時強調後者. 試翻譯下列句子: He can speak English as well as Chinese. 他不僅會說漢語而且會說英語 He can not only speak English, but also Chinese. 當as well as連接兩個並列主語時，謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致. The teacher as well as the students thinks highly of the boy’s handwriting. 不僅僅是學生們而且那位老師對這個男孩兒的書法評價很高. 再如：He as well as I agree with you. 我和他都同意你的意見. We shall travel by night as well as by day. 我們將日夜兼程. as well 也，相當於too. 比較：She is not only good at maths, she is good at English as well. Her brother was in paris last winter, too. ***too前有逗號.
3. Instead of going to the bank, they will use a computer and a telephone to change money and to pay their electricity bills and so on. 人們不用上銀行, 只要用計算機和電話機就可以換錢, 付電費, 等等. instead of 短語介詞;（代替）後接名詞，代詞賓格，動名詞，表示被取代的內容. 例如：As he was ill. I went to the meeting instead of him. 因爲他病了，我替他去開的會. I’ll go there on foot instead of by bus. 我將步行而不是坐汽車去那兒.
4. lights will go off if no one is in the room. 如果房子裏沒有人, 電燈就會熄滅. go off 中斷，熄滅，離開，發酸. 例如：She went off to fetch a drink.她離開去取飲料去了. The milk has gone off. 牛奶壞了.
5. In the fields of education, health and research, computer will continue to play an important part. 在教育, 衛生和科研領域裏, 計算機將會繼續發揮重要作用. in the fields of…在……領域裏; 例如：With the help of satellites, people have done much research in many fields of science. 藉助於人造衛星，人們在許多科學領域進行了大量的研究. on the field 在場地上；在運動場上； in the field 在地裏；例句：They are working in the field.他們在地裏幹活. They are playing volleyball on the field near the woods. 他們在樹林子附近的空地上打排球.
6. Computer programs for storing whole texts are already well developed. 存儲整本檔案的計算機程序已經研製完備. text 文本 program 程序 programmer 程序編制員 programme 節目，規劃，大綱；The cinema changes its programme weekly on Friday. 這家電影院每週五更換節目單. The hospital building programme has been delayed by lack of money. 由於缺乏資金醫院的工程進度被耽擱了.
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Lesson 67
1. At present, many people in western countries spend too much money on new possessions that they do not need, such as lots of new clothes. 目前西方國家的許多人花費太多的錢來購置不必要的新物品, 例如大量的新衣服. at present; 現在 in the past; 過去 in the future ; 未來 例如: In the past, people had candles to light their houses. 過去, 人們家裏點蠟燭照明.
No one knows what will happen in the future. 沒人知道將來會發生什麼事.
2. This is a waste of money, energy and materials, and also causes pollution. 這是金錢,能源和材料的浪費, 並且造成污染. possession 所有物, 財產(用複數形式); 所有, 佔有, 擁有(不可數名詞); 句式: have possession of… = be in the possession of…擁有……; take possession of佔有, 佔領; in sb’s possession / in the possession of sb. ……屬於某人所有;
例如: He is a man of great possessions. 他是個大富豪. The jewels are in the possession of my mother.= My mother has possession of the jewels. 那些寶石爲我母親所擁有. The treasure came into my possession. 那些財寶歸我所有了. The army took possession of the enemy’s position. 部隊佔領了敵人的陣地. waste n. 不可數名詞, 用much 修飾, 但表示某方面的浪費時, 可在其前面加上a, 例如: It is a waste of time to do it. 做這件事是浪費時間. This simply means a waste of labour. 這簡直是白費力氣.
3. Many people, both young and old, are against this expensive way of life. 許多人, 包括年輕的和年老的, 都反對這種大手大腳的生活方式. be against 反對; 反義詞組爲 be for; 例如: We are for peace and against the wars. 我們熱愛和平反對戰爭.
4. They believe that the basic needs of the world’s population should be satisfied first, like food and medical care. 他們認爲全世界居民的基本需要, 像食品和醫療, 應該首先得到滿足. need 需要的東西 (用複數形式) 例如: He always looks after the needs of others and forgets himself. 他總是關心別人的需要, 而忘了他自己. satisfy vt 滿足; 使滿意; 句式: sth. satisfy sb. 例如: The answer did not satisfy us. 這個回答沒有使我們滿意. 如果要表達某人對……感到滿意, 要用be satisfied with sb./ sth. 例如: The judge was satisfied with what the Arab had said. 法官對那位阿拉伯人所說的話感到滿意. satisfying 令人滿意的 例如: That certainly seems a satisfying explanation. 那看起來的確是一個令人滿意的解釋.
5. Take health for example. 以醫療衛生爲例. take sth. for example. 以……爲例; take …
for…. 把……作爲……; 誤認爲; 例如: At first, we took it for a dog. 起初, 我們以爲那
是一條狗. Do you take me for a fool? 你把我當着傻瓜?
6. It would more practical. 可能會更加實際一些. practical adj. 實用的, 可行的, 實際的, 實踐的. 例如: The machine is too expensive to be practical. 這種機器太貴且不實用. She is a teacher with practical experience. 她是一個有實際經驗的老師. practical questions
7. Meanwhile, they will do their best to produce more energy from the wind and sun. 同時, 他們還得竭盡全力來開發風能和太陽能. meanwhile adv. 其間, 同時 例如: My sister went shopping. Meanwhile, I cleaned the room. 我姐姐去商店買東西了, 其間, 我打掃了房間. Some students are playing on the playground; meanwhile, others are doing their homework in the classroom. 有些學生在操場上玩, 與此同時, 另一些學生在教室內做作業.
3.
Lesson 68
Language study:
本單元學習同位語從句. 一個簡單句在連詞的引導下, 在句中充當同位語成分, 就叫做同位語從句, 它一般跟在某些抽象名詞之後. 同位語從句用於對名詞作進一步的解釋, 說明名詞的具體內容. 能接同位語從句常見的名詞有:
belief相信; fact事實; doubt懷疑; hope希望; idea想法; news消息; thought思想;
possibility可能; reason理由; answer回答; problem問題; conclusion結論; information
信息; knowledge知識; opinion觀點; principle原則; truth真理; promise許諾; report
報告; decision決定; discovery發現; explanation解釋; law法律等.
suggestion建議; order命令; demand命令; wish希望等也可接同位語從句, 從句中時態
用 “should + 動詞原形” (虛擬語氣). 同位語從句一般由that引導, 或用連接副詞when,
where, how, why等引導. 例如:
1. I have no idea when she will be back.
2. The possiblity that people would have to share rooms was not mentioned .
3. You have no idea how worried I was.
4. They didn’t tell me the plan where we should go.
5. We must face the fact that we have no money.
6. The suggestion that the new rule should be adopted came from the chairman.
7. We heard the news that our team had won.
8. There is the problem where we can get the machine needed.
9. It is the question how he did it.
10. The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
有時同位語從句並不緊跟在它說明的名詞之後, 而是被其它詞隔開了. 如:
1. Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
2. He got a message from Mr. Smith that the manager couldn’t come that afternoon.
同位語從句與定語從句的區別:
1). 定語從句中的關係代詞that 在從句中充當主語或賓語; 同位語從句中that是連詞, 不充當句子成分.
2). 同位語從句中的連詞that 一般不能省略; 而定語從句中的關係代詞that 充當從句的賓語時可以省略.
3). 定語從句是形容詞性的, 其功能是修飾先行詞, 對先行詞加以限定, 描述它的性質或
特徵. 同位語從句是名詞性的, 其功能是對名詞作補充說明. 例如:
1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. (定語從句)
2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.( 同位語從句)
3. I have heard the news that he visited our factory. ( 同位語從句)
4. I have heard the news that he told you the other day. (定語從句)
4.
