科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2
標題 At the Tailor's Shop (在裁店縫)
章節 第十單元
關鍵詞 高二英語第十單元
內容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
Advice And Suggestions (勸告和建議)
● Idiomatic Sentences 功能套語
1. There seems to be something wrong with it . I can't possibly wear it . 這好象有點毛病，我不能穿了。
2. I would like you to change this for a new one . 我很想讓你把這個給我換個新的。
3. You sold me so old a bike that I can't use it . I insist that you give me my money back . 你買給了我如此破舊的自行車，我就不能用。我要求你退我款。
4. It's not our fault . I'm afraid I can't do that . Why can't you do something about it ? 這不是我的錯，恐怕我作不了主，你能不能靈活點 ？
5. Could you give me some advice on English study ? 我想徵求一下關於學習英語的建議。
6. I 'd like your advice about / on this plan .
7. What do you think I should do ?
8. You'd better not trouble him . 你最好不要麻煩他。
9. Let's help him with the luggage .
10. Why not ask him to go with us ?
11. How / What about seeing a film ? 去看電影怎麼樣 ？
12. I strongly advise you to keep your promise .
13. I'm afraid I can't follow your advice .
14. That's impossible , but thank you all the same . 這不可能，但還是要謝謝你的。
15. Why don't you put off the meeting till next week ? 你爲何不把會議推遲到下週 ？
● Model Dialogues 交際示範
A
A：Hello . You look tired today . What happened ?
B：I went to bed too late . I was reading a novel and forgot the time .
A：Really ? You need a rest tonight .
B：Yes , I think so .
A：You'd better go to bed earlier if you can .
B：Yes , you're right .
B
A：I've lost my ruler . Have you seen it anywhere ?
B：Sorry , I haven't . You'd better try your desk .
A：Yes , I did , but I didn't find it .
B：Why don't you ask Jim ? He was using a ruler just now .
A：Thanks . I'll go and ask him .
■ 單元核心句型結構
1. It looks / seems as if … 看起來好象 ……
It looks as if it is going to rain . 看起來天要下雨。
測試要點：as if = as though 後 接虛擬語氣。如：
He talks as if he had been there many times . 他談話的樣子好象是他已經去過那裏好多次了。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it were broken . 當一支鉛筆部分放入一杯水中，它看起來就像是斷了似的。
2. I insist (that) …
測試要點：
我認爲應該……（賓語從句用虛擬）；
I insist he ( should ) write a letter of thanks to the school . 我堅持認爲他應該向學校寫個感謝信。
我堅持說……（賓語從句不用虛擬）。
He insisted that he didn't steal the money . 他堅持說他沒有偷那筆錢。
3. I should like / would like sb to do sth 很樂意讓某人幹……
I should like you go shopping this weekend . 我倒很想讓你週末去買東西。
測試要點：
should like /love + to do 與簡略回答。如：
－ Would you like to go swimming this Sunday ?
－ I'd like / love to .
（用 to 代替 go swimming ）
should like / love sb to 很想讓某人去幹 ……
We'd like our teacher to point out and correct our mistakes in our exercises . 我們很想讓老師指出並改正我們作業中的錯誤。
should like / love + to be + done 喜歡被……
Little Jim would like to be taken to Beijing next Christmas .
4. Why don't you do … ? = Why not do … ? 爲何不…… ？
Why don't you (= Why not ) have a look at the other blouses ? 爲何不挑選一下別的襯衫 ？
■ 單元誤點警示
單元詞組 take place 透射出的隱型被動
在第 38 課中的詞組 take place (發生)屬"隱形被動"範疇 ，不用被動語態的形式。中學英語教材中還有一些不用"be/get + 過去分詞"的結構，其具體表現形式如下：
◆ 有些詞(組)常用主動形式表達被動意義 (break out ，take place ，belong to ，shut off ，turn off ，work out制定 ，add up to , run out 用完 ，give out耗盡 ，等) 如：
The lights on the wall turned off .
The incident took place in Dec.1936 .
◆ 動詞不定式作定語，一方面與所修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關係， 另一方面又與句子的主 語有邏輯上的主謂關係時，不定式常用主動式代表被表式。如：
Do you have any letters to post ? (對比：Manager wang , I'll go to the post office . Do you have any letters to be posted) ?
◆ 某些表示感覺、狀態或特徵的連繫動詞(look, sound, taste, smell, feel, become, appear, prove, turn out等)的主動形式常表被動意義。如：
－ Do you like the material ?
－ Yes , it ____ very soft . (NMET 94)
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt [ 答案：C ]
His theory proved correct .
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .
◆ 有些動詞由"vt"變成的"vi"時， 常用主動形式與方式狀語連用表被動意義，這類動詞的主語常是物，該類常用動詞有：sell , lock , fill , dry , run , open , cut , read, wear , write , translate , wash , shut , blow , digest , begin 等。如：
The door blew open . The book sells well .
This cloth wears long . The story won't translate well .
The food won't digest . The suitcase won't lock easily .
◆ 表"需要"的動詞 (need , want , require , deserve , bear , demand) 後用動名詞的主動形式，或不定式的被動式表被動；在 be worth 後只接動名詞的主動形式表被動。如：
－ What do you think of the book ?
－ Oh , excellent. It's worth _____ a second time . (MET89)
A. to read B. to the read
C. reading D. being read [答案：C]
Your coat demands (requires , needs , wants) washing . (washing = to be washed)
He certainly deserves sending (= to be sent) to prison .
This telephone directory is well worth buying .
◆ 一些介詞加上具有動作意義的名詞，常可表被動意義。如：
Several new railways are under _____ (建議 ) in China . (NMET96) [ 答案：construction]
常考的此類介詞短語有：on show＝on exhibition , on sale , on fire , out of sight , in sight , under discussion , in the charge of , in the possession of , without help , without permission , under arrest , under repair , under consideration , under development 等。
◆ 有些以-able ，-ible 結尾的形容詞 ( visible 可見的， invisible 無形的，breakable 的， drinkable 可飲用的 readable 可讀的， acceptable 可接受的，respectable可尊敬的，countable 可數的，sensible可覺察的，等) 如：
The water in this well is drinkable(=fit to drink) . (19) Many things are invisible to us .
◆ 由過去分詞轉化而來的形容詞 (pleased , interested , satisfied , frightened , worried, dressed , surprised , wounded , broken) 仍含有被動意義。如：
The girls are always dressed well .
The boy cried , with a glass broken .
◆ 使役動詞 have/get＋賓語＋過去分詞 ，表示該分詞的動作由別人來完成。如：
－Good morning. Can I help you ?
－I'd like to have this package ____ , Madame . (MET89)
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed [答案：D]
I'll get my hair cut on Sunday .
◆ 有些名詞以 -ee 結尾含被動意義 (以-er , -or 結尾卻含主動意義) 。如：
trainee受訓者(trainer訓練員)，employe(e)僱員(employor僱主)，addressee收件人 (addresser, addressor發件人) ，rejectee被棄者 (rejecter拋棄者) 等。
◆ 當不定式在作表語(或賓補)的形容詞(heavy , light , interesting , pleasant , simple, comfortable, dangerous , strong , big , small , sweet , smooth , nice , fit , important , impossible , necessary , good , easy, hard , difficult 等) 後面作狀語， 且不定式與句中主語 (或賓語)在邏輯上有動賓關係時，常用主動形式表被動含義。如：
The chair looks rather hard , but in fact, it is very comfortable to _____ . (MET88)
A. sit B. sit on
C. be sat D. be sat on [答案：B]
They found the article hard to understand .
(注意：當不定式中的動詞爲不及物動詞時需補上適當的介詞。又如：This river is dangerous to swim in)
◆ 動詞happen , last持續 ，let出租 ，blame責備 ，seek尋求 ， 等用主動形式表達被動意義。如：
It is I who am to blame .
This house is to let . 此房出租。
◆ 有些動詞 (look , bake , burn , print…)的進行時態表被動意義。如：
Bread is baking .
The fish is cooking .
【指點迷津】
■ 單元重點新詞透視
1. run ( ran , run ) 作不及物動詞意思是"顏色退色"。褪
Will the colours run if the dress is washed ? 這衣服洗起來會不會掉顏色 ？
The red on his face ran . 他臉上的紅潤不見了。
Some colours run quickly in the sun . 有些顏色在陽光下很快就褪色了。
〖測試要點〗
run forward 向前跑去。run first 跑了第一。run a temperature 發燒。run a factory 辦工廠。run into 跑進，偶然遇到。sth + run out = become used up (主語常是時間、食物、金錢) 用完了 。sb + run out of + sth 用完了。例如：
His money soon ran out . 他的錢很快就用完了。
He is always running out of money before payday . 他老是發工資的日子還沒有到就把錢給花完了。
Last Sunday he ran into his old friend in the street . 上星期天他在街上遇到他的老朋友。
2. foolish 愚蠢的，傻的，鹵莽的，可笑的，荒謬的
It's foolish of me to do so . 我這樣做真蠢。
That's a foolish action . 那是各愚蠢的行爲。
You look foolish in that dress .
It was foolish of her to act that way . = How foolish of her to act that way . 她那樣做該有多笨啊 ！
〖測試要點〗
辨析 foolish （愚蠢）, stupid （笨）, silly（傻）
foolish 強調缺乏智力、智慧或者判斷力，像愚人似的做出不合常理的事來。
I think it's foolish of her to let pass such a fine opportunity to go abroad . 我認爲她放棄這樣一個出國的好機會是十分愚蠢的。
stupid 常用於生氣和責罵時，用於人的性格時指智力或反應遲鈍。
What a stupid boy he is ! 他是個多麼笨的孩子啊 ！
You are not stupid , just lazy ! 你不笨，就是懶 ！
He is stupid in learning maths . 他學數學很笨。
silly 指智力低能，所做所爲太無見識，因而常招致譏笑，含"聰明一世，糊塗一時"。
I felt silly because I didn't know what to say . 我覺得很傻，因爲我不知道說什麼好。
Don't ask such silly questions ! 別再問這樣傻的問題了。
3. insist vt.& vi. 堅持；堅決認爲；堅決要求
He insisted that I was wrong . 他堅持認爲我錯了。
〖測試要點〗
(1) insist on + doing 堅持做
She insisted on going to Beijing herself . 她堅持自己去北京。
Mother insisted on our going to Dalian by train . 母親堅持要我們乘火車去大連。
(2) insist 後不接不定式，接賓語從句。表示堅持認爲應該作某事時用可以省略 should 的虛擬語氣；表示堅持說明自己的看法時不用虛擬語氣。
He insisted that he wasn't a thief .
He insisted that I (should) finish this job alone .
He insists that he has done right . 他堅信自己做對了。
(3) insist on 主要是"堅持"意見、看法、主張。stick to 常指"堅持"原則、計劃、決定，含有繼續幹或者接着幹之意。
He insisted on this point . 他堅持這一點。
He insisted on knowing the fact . 他堅決要知道事實的真相。
But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research .
We must stick to our plan .
Lao Chen always sticks to his promise .
4. depend 依賴，依靠，信賴，相信
〖測試要點〗
(1) depend on / upon 依靠 ，信賴（不用被動語態，但在否定句中常用不定式的被動式）
He is a man to depend on .
He isn't a man to be depended on .
China doesn't depend on foreign countries .
Whether we will hold the sports meet depends on the weather .
You can depend on this newspaper .
You may depend on it that he will want to come .
Whether we can go for a picnic depends on our money .
(2) depend on sb for sth ; depend on sb to do sth
He depends on his neighbour for help .
All living things depend on the sun for their growth . 萬物生長靠太陽。
(3) depend on / upon it 毫無疑問，沒錯
Depend on it , we will win this match .
(4) It （all） depends (on) + 從句"要看……而定"
It depends on whether you want to do it or not .
It depends what you think of it .
5. choice 選擇，抉擇
When you make friends , make a careful choice .
〖測試要點〗
have no choice but / except to do 只有幹……
He had no choice but to sing a song for us .
■ 單元重點詞組掃瞄
Lesson 37
1. There seems to be something wrong with … 好象……有毛病
There seems to be something wrong with my radio .
2. or else 要不然，否則
Hurry up , or else you'll be late for this important meeting .
He must be drunk , or else he is mad .
3. follow the instructions 按照說明進行
It looks as if it hasn't been washed following the instructions . 好象沒有按照衣服的說明要求去洗。
4. the fault of ……的過錯
That is not the fault of our company .
5. give back 退還，歸還
You must give back the book to him by tomorrow .
I hope you will give my money back next week .
Will you please give the ruler back to Tom ? = Will you please give Tom back the ruler ?
6. do something about 對……採取措施
Why don't you do something about the rubbish in front of your school ?
7. change A for B 用A交換B；換乘……車
I'd like to change this dress for one in a larger size .
You have to take No. 101 at first and then change for the bus No. 101 .
8. in the sun 在陽光下
They stood in the winter sun , talking .
It's bad for you to read in the sun .
Lesson 38
1. take place 發生，出現，舉行
This dialogue takes place at a tailor's shop .
When and where did the accident take place ?
It took place on a rainy morning last week .
Great changes have taken place here since 1978 .
The dance will take place after school .
2. find sth rather expensive 發現……相當貴
3. try on 試穿
－Can I try on this pair of shoes ?
－ Sure , try it on , please .
sth on / about / with + sb 身上帶有某物
I don't have any small notes on me . 我隨身沒有帶小鈔票。
You had better have a pen on you .
Do you have any small change about you ? 你帶有零錢嗎 ？
Have you any notebook about you ?
Carry your driving licence with you .
〖測試要點〗
have on 穿着（不用進行時態）
Today she has on a white blouse . = Today she wears a white blouse . = Today she is wearing a white blouse .
5. judge by / from 根據……來判斷；從……來判斷
We should judge a man by his deeds .
You shouldn't judge strangers always by the clothes he wears .
〖測試要點〗
judging by / from 依……來判斷 （作評註狀語）
Judging by his words , he got angry .
6. pay for 支付費用；負擔款項；付出代價
How much did you pay for the dictionary ?
Have those books been paid for ?
You will have to pay for your mistakes . 你總得爲你的錯誤付出代價的。
7. put sb to the trouble of doing sth = trouble sb to do sth 麻煩某人幹，爲難某人幹
I'm sorry to put you to the trouble of helping me .
He didn't want to put me to the trouble of meeting him at the airport .
8. apologize to sb for sth = make an apology to sb for sth 因……向某人道歉
He made apologies to us for breaking the mirror .
9. just a moment / minute 等一會兒
10. worry about 擔心，擔憂，着急，發愁
Don't worry about it . It's nothing .
Worrying about your health will make you ill .
〖測試要點〗
be worried about 爲……擔心，爲……着急
Don't be worried about me , Mary .
She's always worried about her health .
11. be after 尋找，追求
The police are after the missing boy in the woods .
12. get / take off 脫下
You can get off your coat now .
Get off your wet clothes .
13. do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 幫某人的忙，給某人一恩惠
Will you do me a favour this time ?
She did me a great favour 5 years ago .
He is always ready to do his friends a favour .
〖測試要點〗
當 do sb a favour 後面有不定式時常用 do sb the favour to do 或者 do sb the favour of doing 。注意冠詞的變化。
Do me a favour , please . Turn the radio down .
She asked me to do her the favour of closing the door .
Will you do me the favor to lend me your dictionary ?
14. make … to one's (own) measure 根據某人的身材尺寸做
Mother will make new clothes for me to my own measure .
I'd like to have the skirt made to my own measure .
It seems that this dress is made to her measure .
15. depend on / upon 依賴，依靠
Everything depends on the conditions , time and place .
Children must depend on their parents .
She is a girl to be depended on .
You can depend on us to do the work well .
16. put / write down 寫下，記下; 放下
Be sure to put down every word she says on the phone .
Let me put down your telephone number before I forget it .
This bus stopped to put down passengers , but that bus stopped to pick up passengers .
〖測試要點〗
辨析下列由 put 構成的搭配：
put out 撲滅。put away 把……收起來，放好。put on 上演，穿/戴上。put in / into practice 實施。put in order 整理，整頓。put off 推遲，拖延。put up 舉起，建立，爲……提供食宿。
17. drop in 順便拜訪
I'll drop in and leave the new address .
Would you like to drop in and have a cup of coffee
〖測試要點〗
drop in + on sb 順便拜訪某人
drop in + at sb 順便拜訪某地
call on sb （比較正式）拜訪某人
visit sb = pay a visit to sb （最正式）拜訪
On my way back , I dropped in at my brother's house .
Let's drop in on Aunt Wang , shall you ?
18. show sb out 送某人出去
Wait a moment . Let me show you out . 等一下，我送你出去。
〖測試要點〗
show sb in 領某人進來。。show sb around + place 領某人蔘觀。show sb into 領某人進入。
要特別注意 show sb to the door 把某人送到門口。show sb the door 把某人趕出門去，下逐客令。
He wouldn't listen to my apology . He showed me the door . 他對我的道歉聽也不聽就把我趕出了門。
Lesson 39 & 40
1. do some research about = make some research about / on 對……進行調查研究
They have done some research about free markets in this city for some time .
They have done a great deal of research on that subject .
〖測試要點〗
research 雖然可以用複數，但其前不用 two , three , many , several , 但可以加 some 。可以用：do two pieces / items of research 做兩項研究工作。
research 後可以接介詞 on , about , into 。如：
He has made scientific researches on atom for ton years . 他從事原子科學研究已十年了。
2. offer the best advice and service 提供最好的建議和服務
3. do up 紮好，扣好，包好，整好，打扮。
You've done up your buttons the wrong way . 你把鈕釦扣錯了。
She went to the mirror to do up her hair .
They did up all the old newspapers and put then in a separate room .
Mary has done herself up for the palace ball .
4. be suitable for + ing / sth 適合於，宜於
These story-books are suitable for children to read .
This kind of food is unsuitable for the patients .
Is he suitable / fit for this job ?
5. understand about … 懂得有關……
對比：Do you understand the meaning ? 你明白/ 理解那個意思嗎？
Do you understand about space ? 你瞭解有關太空的情況嗎 ？
6. take sb seriously 對某人認真接待，重視某人
It is foolish of you not to take this boss seriously .
7. (and) what is worse = to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
What was worse , this wine was not at all suitable for drinking with a meal .
He felt very hungry . What's worse , he had no money on him .
It got dark , and what was worse , we lost our way in the forest .
8. give sb the right / wrong change 給某人對/錯錢
9. keep back 扣下，止住，隱瞞，留在後面
The boss kept back $30 from her pay without any reason . 老闆無緣無故地從她的工資中扣掉30美元。
On hearing the news , the woman couldn't keep back her tears .
There's no need to keep it back from you .
10. enjoy equal rights 享有平等的權利
In China women enjoy equal rights with men .
11. fight sb to the end 同某人血戰到底
No matter how powerful the enemy seems , we must fight them to the end .
12. know little about 對……知之甚少
13. in the world = on earth = completely 完全地，究竟，到底
14. get caught in 遇到，掛住
Her dress got caught on a nail .
They got caught in the rain the day before yesterday .
15. come off 脫離，掉下來
The branches have come off the trees .
16. in the same order 以相同的順序
17. as usual 和往常一樣，照例
As usual , he got up very early .
Only a week after the fire in the store , it was doing business as usual .
■ 單元語法學習目標
●對 as if 用法的探微
本單元的語法學習是掌握 as if 的用法。as if 是連詞詞組，相當於 as though , 意爲"好像，好似"，引導表語從句和狀語從句。學習中應注意如下四點：
1 . as if 引導表語從句。
as if 引導表語從句時，可以和 as though 互換，其句型爲："It looks / seem as if …"，其中 it 本身無詞義，是無人稱代詞，looks / seems 是連繫動詞，as if 引導表語從句。例如：
It looks / seems as if you have got no experience . 看來你似乎並沒有經驗。
2 . as if 引導方式狀語從句。
as if 引導的方式狀語從句中，從句中的動詞一般要用虛擬語氣。若表示與現在事實相反的主觀設想，動詞用過去式 (be 用 were ，適用於各種人稱)；若表示與過去事實相反的主觀設想，動詞用"had + 過去分詞"形式。例如：
He acted as if he were smoking . 他那舉動好像他抽菸似的。
They talked as if they had been friends for years . 他們說話很親熱，就像多年的老朋友似的。
3 . 如果主句的謂語動詞是過去式，從句中的動詞往往可以用陳述語氣，不用虛擬語氣。例如：
I heard a noise as if she was crying . 我聽到一種聲音，好象她在哭泣似的。
He walked past me as if I didn't exist . 他從我身旁經過時，好象我不存在似的。
4 . as if 引起從句不用虛擬語氣，用陳述語氣的情況有：
如果句子的謂語動詞是連繫動詞 look , feel , seem , taste , smell 等時，從句往往用陳述語氣。
It looks as if we shall have to walk home . 看來我們得步得回家了。
He looks as if he is going to smile . 他看起來象要微笑似的。
如果所描述的行爲本身就是一種事實時，通常用陳述語氣。
The astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor . 宇航員們感到他們好象是被壓在船艙上了。
說話者認爲屬於事實的成分比較大，假設的成分較小時，一般用陳述語氣。試比較：
He walks as if he were drunk . (沒有醉酒)
He is walking this way and that as if he is drunk . (醉酒的可能性很大)
● No matter + 疑問詞及其它
本單元的另一個語法學習項目是 no matter + 疑問詞。一般說來，No matter + 疑問詞(what , when , etc . )表示"不管(無論)什麼，何時"等等。這種結構在句中主要作用是來引導讓步狀語從句。
No matter what happened , he wouldn't say a word . 無論發生什麼事，他都守口如瓶。
No matter what difficulties she met , she was going to be a singer . 不管會遇到什麼困難，她決意要當歌唱家。
No matter how busy he was , he always came to see me . 無論他多麼忙還總是來看我。
在引導讓步狀語從句時，與上述結構有相同意思和用法的結構是：疑問句 + ever。
Whatever happened , he would not say a word .
不過，在使用疑問句 + ever 時，有以下幾點用法需要注意。
★ 引導主語從句或賓語從句時，只能用"疑問詞 + ever "，而不能用"no matter + 疑問詞"。
Whoever smokes here will be punished . 無論誰在這抽菸都要受到懲罰。
Beggars will eat whatever they are given . 飢不擇食。
★"疑問詞 + ever"可以用作修飾名詞的關係形容詞。
Take whatever books you like best . 拿你最喜歡的書吧。
★"疑問詞 + ever "搭配連用時，可用來加強語氣，用在特殊問句中，表示"到底、究竟(= at all)的意思。
What ever do you want ? 你到底要些什麼 ?
How ever did I forget it ? 我怎麼竟然把它忘了 ?
★"no matter"可以單獨用在句中或用作表語，意思是 it doesn't matter (不要緊)，never mind (沒關係)。
It makes no matter whether he likes it or not . 他喜歡不喜歡都沒有關係。
It is no matter whether you get there early or late . = It doesn't matter whether you get there early or late . 你早晚到那兒都沒關係。
No matte , madam . 不要緊，夫人。
★ No matter 與 who , what , where , when…. 連用時，從句的時態用一般現在時表示將來。
No matter where you go , she'll love you . 無論你走到哪裏，她都會愛你的。
★"no matter + 疑問詞"放在句末時，往往不需要動詞跟在後面。
I'll always believe you , no matter what . (不用 happen)不論發生什麼，我都會相信你的。
〖針對練習〗
用"no matter + 疑問詞"或"疑問詞 + ever"填空
1 . ______ you go , you'll find your friends .
2 . I'll eat _______ you gave me .
3 . _______ he says , I'll do it .
4 . _______ he is in trouble , I'll be ready to help him .
5 . _______ she says should be considered .
6 . The teacher will give a medal to _______ studies hardest .
7 . You may take ______ gifts you want .
8 . _______ made you so angry ?
9 . _______ promise to buy you a car ?
10 . ______ have you made so great progress ?
11. baggage it is , it will be kept until the owner returns .
答案：1 . Wherever / No matter where 2 . whatever 3 . Whatever / No matter what 4 . Whenever / No matter when 5 . Whatever 6 . whoever 7 . whatever 8 . What ever / Who ever 9 . Who ever 10 . How ever 11. No matter whose
二、學海導航
【學法指要】
● 哪些詞能引導讓步狀語從句
◇ 用連詞 though 和 although，譯成漢語爲"雖然……但是……"。後者的語氣稍正式些。要注意的是：英語中用了 though (although)，在主句中不要再加 but 。但他們可以與副詞 still 和 yet 等連用，加強語氣。
Although it was quite late , we were still working in the fields . 雖然時間很晚了，但我們還在田裏工作着。
◇ 用 if 或 even if , 譯成漢語爲"即使……"。
If we failed in this English examination , at least we did our best . 即使我們在這次英語考試中失敗我們至少盡了最大努力。
I'll go even if it rain . 即使天下雨，我也要去。
◇ 用 whether ，譯成漢語爲"不論"。
Whether it may rain or not , I'll do morning exercises . 不論天下雨不下雨，我都做早操。
◇ 用 even when ，譯成漢語爲"縱然……"等含義。
Even when it was raining heavily , he refused to take an umbrella . 縱然天在下大雨，他也拒絕帶雨傘。
◇ 用 while , 它和 if , when 所引出的讓步狀語從句是通過連詞在句中表達的內容與主句的內容在意義上相反。
While I appreciated (重視) the honour , I could not accept the position . 儘管我 重視榮譽，但是我不能接受那個職位。
◇ 用 as ，但語序要倒裝。
Poor as he is ( = Though he is poor) , he is honest . 雖然他貧窮，但他誠實。
◇ 用連接代詞(副詞) whatever , whichever , whoever , wherever , whenever 和 however 等來引導讓步狀語從句。
Whatever happens , (=No matter what) , we'll carry on the experiment . 不管怎麼樣，我們要繼續試驗。
He will never succeed , however hard he tries . 無論他如何努力嘗試，他都不會成功。
● 條件在哪裏 ？
請先看這樣兩句話：
1 . Without electricity human life would be quite different today .
2 . Given more attention , the trees could have grown better .
以上兩句都是虛似條件句，但在這些句子卻看不到 if 引導的條件狀語從句，那麼，它們的條件在哪裏呢 ?
1 . 在 without 等引導的介詞短語裏，without 是最常見的用來表示條件的介詞，意思是"若沒有"等。
Plants couldn't grow without air . 沒有空氣植物就不能生活。(without air = if there weren't air)
Without your advice , he couldn't have succeeded . 若不是你的忠告，他不可能成功。(without your advice = if it hadn't been for your advice)
另外 under 也常用來表示條件。
We could have done better under more favorable conditions . 在更有利的條件下，我們能幹得更好。
2 . 在but for 或 except for 引導的短語裏，but for 與 except for 意義接近，可譯作"要不是……"，等於 if it hadn't been for 。
But for the rain , we should have had a pleasant journey . 要不是下雨， 我們旅途愉快的。
But for your coming , I should have been very lonely . 要不是你來，我會感到寂寞的。
Except for you , I should be dead by now . . 要不是因爲你，我活不到現在。
She would have left her husband except for the children . 若不是爲了孩子，她早就離開她丈夫了。
3 . 用分詞表示。
Invited , I would have come with you . (=If I had been invited , I would … )要是受到邀請，我會跟你一塊去的。
I'd come and see you in Austria , given the chance . (= … if I were given the chance . )有機會的話，我會到奧地利去看你。
4 . 隱含在 but 引導的並列句中。
We would have given you a ride this morning , / but the car was full . ( = … this morning if the car hadn't been full . )今天上午我們本可以讓你搭我們的車的，但車上人滿了。
He could have passed the driving test , but he was too nervous . 他原本能夠通過駕駛考試的，不過他太緊張了。
5 . 隱含在副詞 otherwise (否則，不然的話，等於 if not)。
It snowed heavily , Otherwise , I could have arrived earlier . 天下了大雪，不然的話，我會早到的。(此處，otherwise = if it hadn't snowed heavily)
6 . 隱含在 but that 引導的從句裏。這裏 but 爲介詞，but that 的意思是"若不是……"。
I'd have come with you but that I was so busy . (= I'd have come with you if I hadn't been so busy . )我要是不忙，會跟你一塊兒去的。
He would have helped us but that he was short of money . (= He would have helped us if he hadn't been short of money . )要不是那時他缺錢，他會幫助我們的。
7 . 隱含在上下文的語境中。
－ We could have walked to the station . It was so near . 我們本可以步行去車站，它這麼近。
－ Yes . A taxi wasn't necessary . 對，當時乘出租車是不必要的。 (MET'92)
此句上下文隱含了"如果不乘出租車的話"這個條件(車站很近，乘出租車沒必要。)
I would have acted as he did . 我不會象他那樣乾的。(隱含的條件是："如果我要乾的活if I had done it。")
在下一個例句中，隱含的條件更不難體會。
Before liberation , years like these would have meant certain death for many people . Many would have become beggars and others would have been compelled to sell their children .
解放前要是碰到這樣的年景，很多人肯定會死掉，許多人會逃荒要飯，許多人會被迫賣兒賣女。
【妙文賞析】
A Bullet in Mr Hand's Back
Mr Hand was very strong when he studied in a middle school . He liked (1) and his favourite game was running . So he won several (2) at the sports meetings . He had hoped to go to college before the (3) broke out . He was told to join the army and he (4) the front . He was very brave and was hardly (5) anything . But one day he was badly wounded and his (6) sent him to the field hospital at once . The doctors tried their best to (7) him , but a bullet (子彈) was in his back and they couldn't bring it out when he was being (8) on . Having come out of hospital , Mr Hand was (9) by a police station . He worked hard but he often had a (10) in his back and had to go to the hospital . But the (11) in his town could not help him and advised him to go to a (12) hospital in the capital . He (13) their suggestion and started . His friends saw him off at the (14) . As the planes were often hijacked (劫持) , at the (15) he was stopped and the policemen told him to hand over all his things that were made of (16) .
"I'm sorry to tell you , sir , "said Mr Hand . "I can't (17) you unless you use knives ! "
"Are you having a (18) with us , sir ? "called out an officer .
"Don't be (19) , sir , "Mr Hand said with a smile . "I'm trying to have the bullet (20) out ! "
Having heard his explanation , the officer let him in .
從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。
1 . A . lessons B . sports C . reading D . writing
2 . A . medals B . chances C . plans D . projects
3 . A . hire B . earthquake C . war D . flood
4 . A . left B . was left C . sent to D . was sent to
5 . A . afraid of B . tired of C . in need of D . interested in
6 . A . officers B. officials C . soldiers D . secretaries
7 . A . rescue B . save C . encourage D . explain
8 . A . examined B . checked C . operated D . treated
9 . A . borrowed B . employed C . stationed D . elected
10 . A . mark B . disease C . pain D . result
11 . A . doctors B . scientists C . folks D . relatives
12 . A . near B . old C . good D . better
13 . A . accepted B ived C . appreciated D . thanked
14 . A . railway station B . airport C . port D . bus stop
15 . A . plane B . office C . exit D . entrance
16 . A . medal B . model C . metal D . plastic
17 . A . see B . look at C . hear D . listen to
18 . A . joke B . arguing C . problem D . communicating
19 . A . sad B . afraid C . angry D . astonished
20 . A . sent B . brought C . finding D . dug
〖答案〗 1 . B 2 . A 3 . C 4 . D 5 . A 6 . C 7 . B 8 . D 9 . B 10 . C 11 . A 12 . D 13 . A 14 . B 15 . D 16 . C 17 . D 18 . A 19 . C 20 . B
〖釋疑〗1. 從下一句 his favourite game was running 可以確定應選 sports 。2. 在運動回上自然是獲得獎章，故選 medals 。3. 從上下文可以知道他不是生長在和平的年代（He was told to join the army .），故選war 。4. 保家衛國就會被派往前線，所以選D。5. 從very brave 和 hardly 可以知道他英勇無畏，選A。6. 在戰場受傷只能是戰友們伸出友愛的手把他送到戰地醫院，故只能選 C。7. 受重傷已經脫離在戰場的險境，面臨的就是搶救他的性命，rescue 是營救，save 是搶救生命，所以選 B。8. 動手術符合語境。9. 康復出院後應是被僱傭，所以選B。10. 由於前面的伏筆中有背部子彈未取出，現在疼痛是在所難免的，所以選C。11. 既然建議他當地醫院無能爲力，愛莫能助，只有醫生說出此言。12. 從 in the capital 暗示出只有條件好的大醫院才能取出他背部的子彈。並不是醫院舊或離當地近就能如原以嘗。13. 從started(出發)知他接受了（accepted）建議，不只是接到(received)建議。14. 下文 planes 的提示說明朋友在機場送行。15. 根據常識在入境出接受海關檢查，只有 entrance 符合此意。16. 對人有危險的器物恐怕金屬類的比較現實，故選 metal。17. 幽默在於 Mr Hand 並沒有什麼惡意，自己身上的子彈只有用手術刀才能解決問題。可對方卻產生理解上的偏差，故用listen to sb 表達服從之意。18. 從檢查人員的大聲喊叫（called out）中可以感受到請Mr Hand 不要開玩笑而妨礙公事。19. Mr Hand 一看對方臉色和反應不對勁，知道自己的話引起了誤會，故笑容滿面（with a smile）地向怒氣衝衝的警察們解釋說明。故選C。20. have sth + done 是讓……被。bring out 取出。dig out 不符合實際。
【思維體操】
世界名人系列 NMET閱讀理解 (2)
Abraham Lincoln
When Abraham Lincoln took office in March of 1861 , James Buchanan said to him, "If you are as happy on entering the White House as I'm leaving it , you are the happiest man in this country . " Difficult times lay ahead for Lincoln , and both men knew it . Seven Southern States had already left the Union , four more states would soon follow them . The start of the Civil War was only weeks away . Many people doubted (懷疑) Lincoln's ability to pull the Union together . He was just a country lawyer . He had only a few years of schooling , and he had served one term in Congress (國會) . His only real fame came from a series of debates (辯論) over slavery . Lincoln's firm s
