I. Language Study
1. then adj.（形容詞）being so at that time:當時的：
the then chairman of the board.當時的委員會主席
2. conclude vt. 作出結論，斷定；終止； 決定
conclude that….
conclusion n.
come to the conclusion that... 所得結論是..., 斷定
draw the conclusion得出結論，推斷
leap(jump) to a conclusion 冒然斷定，過早下結論
in conclusion = lastly 最後,總之
The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer.醫生斷定病人患的是癌症。
The judge concluded that the accused was guilty.法官判定被告有罪。
We concluded not to wait any more.我們決定不再等待了。
In conclusion I’ d like to say that you did it very well.
3. hire租用，租；僱用
take on, employ, rent
He hired a car for two days.他租了一輛小汽車使用兩天。
We'd better hire a car for the weekend.我們最好租一輛汽車在週末用。
You may hire a suit for your wedding.你可以去租一套禮服結婚時穿。
The owner of the house refused to hire the mowing done.
這有房屋的主人拒絕爲已完畢的割草工作付錢。
The fruit is picked by hired labourers.這些水果是由僱傭工採摘的。
We hired an advertising company to help us sell our new software.
我們委託一家廣告公司替我們推銷新軟件。
This car is for hire.這輛車是出租的。
◆都含“租用”或“出租”的意思。
hire 有“僱”、“短期租借”的意思（人、物作賓語）
hire servants僱傭人。
hire a hall for an evening租禮堂用一晚上。
rent指“較長期地租用或租出(房屋、土地等)”（物作賓語）
rent a house租房子
They took on more workers during the harvest. 他們在收穫期間僱了更多的工人。
The firm employs about 100 men.這家公司大約僱了100人。
This motor plant is employing three thousand workers.這家汽車工廠僱用着三千員工。
The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser.這家公司聘這們退休的教授擔任顧問。
4. what later became ….後來成爲……的東西
1)what與that 在引導名詞性從句時的區別：what的含義是“所……的東西”，在所有名詞性從句中須充當一定的句子成分，而that則不充當任何句子成分且無詞義。
He said (that) he was not interested in it. 他說他對這件事不感興趣。(賓語從句)
He did what he could to help me.他盡力幫助我。(賓語從句)
That he was chosen made us very happy.他的當選使我們很高興。(主語從句)
What we need is more time. 我們所需要的是多些時間。(主語從句)
They are just what we need.這些正是我們所需要的。(表語從句)
The reason why he didn't come was that he was badly ill.他沒來的原因是他得了重病。(表語從句)
5. ever since (then) adv.從那時到現在
since then其後, 從此一直
◆since
①conj.從...以來; ...以後；因爲; 既然; 鑑於；
We have both changed since we parted.分別以來我們彼此都變了。
It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已呆了三年。
Since that is so, there is no more to be said.既然如此, 再沒什麼可說的了。
②adv.（和完成時連用）(=since then)以後, 後來, 以來
I have not seen him since.(那時)以後我沒見到過他。
6. set sth. down寫下來
set sb. down 使坐；停車讓乘客下車；
We set down the facts.我們記下事實。
Why don’t you set your idea down on paper?
Set the baby down here.讓小孩坐這兒。
The bus stopped to set down an old lady.
I’ll set you down on the corner of the street.
7. keep track of sb./ sth.
lose track of
lose track of time說不準現在的確切時間
It’s hard to keep track of all one’s old school friends.
to be 活到 (不定式 to be 作結果狀語)
She lived to be 80. 她活到了八十歲。
Eat to live, but don’t live to eat. 吃爲了活着，但不要爲了吃而活着。
類似結構：
prove /turn to be…證明是；結果是
9. balance n. 天平；平衡；諧調，勻稱；餘額
Have you brought something to weigh the flesh? A balance?
balance of nature
keep/lose one’s balance
All the parts of the building are in perfect balance.
I must check my bank balance.
v. 使……保持平衡；結算；等價，抵消
How long can you balance on one foot?
balance an account / one’s books 結帳
This year’s profits will balance our previous losses.
10. stand out突出；傑出；明顯；醒目；堅持；支撐；容忍；允許
to stand out a crisis捱過危機； Stand still ! 站住，不許動！
stand by 在場；靠近; 袖手旁觀； stand by one's promise 遵守諾言
stand down退出競選;離開證人席；stand for代表，表示；意指；象徵
stand in當替身；代替； stand up耐久；耐用; 成立
Will the charge stand up in court? 這個指控在法庭上能成立嗎？
stand up for維護；擁護；支持
11. next to 在……旁邊；跟在……之後；幾乎，近於；僅次於
He lives next to me.
Next to skiing her favorite sport was ice-hockey.我最喜歡的運動是滑雪，其次是冰球。
next to impossible 幾乎不可能
next to last 倒數第二
next to nothing（none）差不多沒有, 很少
12. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
◆As 引導讓步狀語從句（部分倒裝）（課後註釋）
Impressive as the record is = Though the record is impressive
Angry as he was, he listened to me patiently. 他很惱火，卻能耐心地聽我說話。
The air was cold, bright as the sun was. 雖然陽光燦爛，天氣卻很冷。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Young as/though he is, he can do it well.
Much as/though I like the book, I won’t buy it.
Try as/though he may, he won’t succeed. 他或許會嘗試，但不會成功。
◆複習：though, although, in spite of, despite
◆fade vi. 從視覺﹑聽覺或記憶中漸漸消失
The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance. （＝died away）
歡呼聲在遠方漸漸消失。
As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness.
夜幕降臨時，海岸線消失在黑暗中。
The memory of her son will never fade from her mind.
她永遠忘不了她的兒子。
13. set a record
beat（break, cut）the（a）record 打破記錄
hold record保持記錄
keep a record (of) 記下來, 記錄
set (up) a new record創新紀錄
The doctor keeps a record of all the serious illnesses in the village.
這個醫生保存了這個村莊所有嚴重疾病的記錄。
14. achieve one’s goal
in a row 連續， 一連串
in rows 成行， 成排，排列着
China women volleyball team won five champions in a row in the 1980s.
They planted the trees in rows.
15. in the first place首先, 第一點；in the last place最後
in the next place其次, 第二點
in place of 代替, 用...而不用…
in places 在某些地方, 有幾處
in one’s place處於某人的位置, 爲某人設身處地想一想
make place for 爲……騰出地方, 讓位於
take one's place就座, 入座; 佔有 地位;代替某人; 接替某人的位置
take the place of 代替
take place發生, 舉行
The darkest place is under the candlestick. [諺]
燈臺只照人不照己(意指當事者往往最不瞭解情況)。
There is no place like home. [諺]作客固佳, 在家更好; 在家千日好, 出門一時難。
16. make for v. ①有利於，有助於；②(尤指匆匆地)走向, 傾向於, 導致；向……前進
Small details can make for comfort. 一些小節可令人舒適。
This visit made for better communication between us.
這次訪問促進了我們之間的更好的交流。
The large print makes for easier reading.大號字體便於閱讀。
Does early rising make for good health? 早起有利於健康嗎？
y for vi.申請
◆apply ( to sb.) for sth.向(某人)申請某物
apply to do sth. 申請幹某事
◆ vt. 應用；運用
apply sth. to sth.
◆ vi.適用;產生作用;有直接聯繫
apply to sb./ sth.
apply oneself to (doing) sth.
=devote oneself to (doing) sth. 專心從事/埋頭於…
application n. u申請,請求，n. c申請書
applicant n.c 申請人
applicable adj.使用的，合適的
18. confirm vt.
vt.
1）. 證實;確定[+(that)][+wh-]
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信證實了一切。
2）. 堅定;加強
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的發展使我堅信我的信仰。
3）. 批准,確認
The queen confirmed the treaty.
女王批准了此項條約。
19. result vi.; n.
result in=lead to/cause/bring about 導致
result from…=be caused by 由…導致/造成
His carelessness resulted in failure. 他的粗心造成了失敗。
Failure resulted from his carelessness. 失敗是由他的粗心導致的。
fascinated by 被…迷住
be fascinated with迷上…
21. burst into sth.=burst out doing sth. 突然而猛烈地發出或產生某物
~ into cheers/laughter/tears/screams＝burst out cheering/laughing/crying /screaming
突然喝彩/大笑/大哭/尖叫
22 head 前往；朝向；head down to ；head for（更常用）；head north
When I saw the car heading for me, I stepped aside.
Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better head for the hotel in case it starts to rain.
23. inspect[In5spekt] vt.①檢查；審查；②視察；調查
He inspected the car before he bought it.他買這輛車之前仔細檢查了一下。
The government sent sb. to inspect our school.政府派人來視察我們學校。
24. be around來(訪)，come around來(訪)；到來
25. an outgoing personality開朗的性格
a warm, outgoing personality.熱情友好的個性
26. ◆familiar
sb. be familiar with sth. 某人對…熟悉/通曉
sb. be familiar with sb. 與某人過分親熱
sth. be familiar to sb. 爲某人所熟悉
familiarity n. 熟悉，親密
◆similar
be similar to 與…相似/類似；similarity n. 相似，相似之點
27.A new generation of sports is capturing the hearts and minds of people who are willing to try something new. 新一代的體育運動佔據了想嘗試新鮮事物的人們的所有心思。
capture: vt. 捕獲；佔領；贏得
Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我們的任務是活捉許多猴子。
He captured first place in the men’s broad jump with a leap of 7.51 meters.
他以7.51米的成績取得了男子跳遠的第一名
28center v.
~ on /upon 將…當作中心或重點; 集中於
Their talks always center on politics. 他們的談話總是圍繞着政治。
The discussion centers on the most important questions.
~ sth. on /upon 將某物集中在…上/集中於….
29 concentrate vt.
1) 集中
~ (one’s thought/attention…) on/upon…集中(思想/注意力…) 於…
We must ~ our attention on efficiency. 我們必須把注意力集中在效率上。
2) 聚集, 集結＝center
Our population is concentrated in the big cities. 我國人口集中在大城市裏。
concentrate on/upon全神貫注;專心致志於；全力以赴；專心
She couldn't concentrate on a book very long. 她不能長時間專心讀一本書。
n. concentration camp 集中營
There is too much noise outside, I can not _____my attention on my work.
A. fill B. connect C. flat *D. concentrate
ght n.
1) 欣喜,愉快 [U]＝joy
to one’s delight令…高興的是
with delight興高采烈/高興地
take/find delight in以…爲樂
2) 樂事,樂趣[C]
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life. 他喜歡紐約夜生活的樂趣。
vt. 使高興；使愉快=please
The clown ~ed the audience. 小丑逗樂了觀衆。
I'm delighted that you are back. 你回來了,我很高興。
We were delighted to read your novel. 我們很高興拜讀你的小說。
be delighted by/with sth. 因…而高興
ster
1) vt.登記,註冊,申報; (儀表等)標示,;記錄=read
He went to the city hall to register the birth of his son.
他去市政廳爲他兒子作出生登記。
The thermometer registered 70 degrees. 溫度計顯示七十度。
2) vi.登記,註冊
I registered at a hotel near the train station. 我在靠近火車站的一家旅館登記住宿。
