關於2017新GRE填空練習題詳解

1、An essential purpose of the criminal justice system is to enable purgation to take place; that is, to provide a --------- by which a community expresses its collective --------- the transgression of the criminal.

關於2017新GRE填空練習題詳解

(A) catharsis ... outrage at

(B) disclaimer ... forgiveness of

(C) means ... empathy with

(D) procedure ... distaste for

(E) document ... disapprobation of

〖解答

空格Ⅰ之前的動詞不定式"to provide..."無疑是對此前的那個不定式結構"to enable purgation to take place"的複述。據此,可將第一個不定式中的purgation一詞直接移入空格Ⅰ,則求得同義的(A) catharsis爲正確答案。

〖詞彙

catharsis: 渲泄,淨化

empathy: 移情,共鳴

disapprobation: 不以爲然,非難

〖中譯

刑事司法制度的根本目的就是要致使犯法者得以被盪滌清除;也就是說,要提供某種淨化作用,社會藉以對罪犯的違法行爲表示出全民的憤慨。

2、The Gibsons were little given to ---------- in any form; not one of them was afraid of ----------, of being and seeming unlike their neighbors.

(A) humility ... absurdity

(B) excellence ... mediocrity

(C) anger ... confrontation

(D) conformism ... singularity

(E) ostentation ... eccentricity

〖解答

空格Ⅱ後面以of引導的介詞結構無疑與該空格前的of結構屬同一性質,作補充陳述。從"unlike their neighbours"可獲取一“與衆不同,標新立異”的概念代入空格Ⅱ,則求得(D) singularity和(E) eccentricity爲正確。既然第二句陳述"Gibson一家誰都不怕與衆不同",這即意味着每人都敢於或願意表現得與衆不同。據此可推知,Gibson一家所不喜歡的是“與衆相同”。正確答案爲(D)。

〖詞彙

be given to: 習慣於…, 喜歡

absurdity: 荒謬

confrontation: 1.正視 2. 衝突,對抗

ostentation: 炫耀,誇示

〖中譯

吉布森一家不喜歡任何形式的墨守成規;他們當中無人懼怕標新立異,要顯得與其鄰居大異其趣。

F:動詞不定式結構

1、An investigation that is ---------- can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.

(A) timely

(B) unguided

(C) consistent

(D) uncomplicated

(E) subjective

〖解答

在以but連接的兩個句子中分別兩次涉及“研究”(investigation search)這一概念。從search後面的介詞結構in a definite direction可求取其反義詞(B) unguided。

〖中譯

一種漫無目的,無的放矢式的研究偶爾能揭示出新的事實,甚至是引人矚目的事實;但是,普遍而言,此類事實的出現是有着明確方向的探索帶來的結果。

2、The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, --------- between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are --------- to the maintenance of community.

(A) a compromise ... inimical

(B) an interdependence. .. subsidiary

(C) a counterpoint ... incidental

(D) an equivalence ... prerequisite

(E) a reciprocity ... conducive

〖解答

空格Ⅰ需代入一名詞,

與此前的`"a network of exchanged benefits"在語法上構成同位語,以突出強調“互惠互利”這一概念。(E) reciprocity最好地體現了這一概念。(A) compromise 和(B) interdependence儘管尚能達意,但針對性不強。當然,在空格Ⅱ處,(A)(B)前後不通,(E) "be conducive to"(有利於…)爲正確。

〖詞彙

inimical: 1.敵意的 2.有害的,不利的

subsidiary: 附屬的,次要的,補貼的

counterpoint: 對位法,對比法

incidental: 伴隨的,次要的,偶發的

equivalence: 相等

prerequisite: 先決條件的,必要的

〖中譯

國家是一個互惠和互信的結構,是統治者與公民之間的一種互利關係,以那些有利於維持一個社會的法律和程序爲其基礎。