揭祕高考英語試題中“省略”的考查

對省略現象的考查已成爲近年來英語考試題中的常考點。因爲省略這種語法手段既可避免重複,突出新 的信息,又能使上下文更緊密地連接起來。這也正符合現代生活快節奏的需要。因此,在英語口語中,只要不 損害結構和引起歧義,能省略的地方就儘可能省略。

揭祕高考英語試題中“省略”的考查

但有時省略的成分,在句中佔有相當的份量,能表達一定的信息,這無疑就增加了試題的難度。因此在解 題時,除了應特別注意進行語境分析,從上文或上、下文中找出相關的省略成份外,還要對常用的省略知識有 所瞭解,從而做到有的放矢,找出解題的突破口。下面就該問題作一分析。

一、複合句中的省略現象

複合句中的省略現象通常出現在狀語從句中。

一)在含有比較結構的複合句中,常在as或than引導的分句中省略某些與主句相同的成分或省略在特定上 下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分;或整個as/than從句。如:

pianos in the other shop will be______, but_____.(met90)

per;not as better

cheap; not as better

per; not as good

cheap; not as good

本題應選c。分別爲cheaper than those in this shop 和theyare not as good as those in this s hop的省略。

plays football________,if not better than, david.(nmet94)

well well as

well well as

本題應選b。根據上下文可看出if not better than 爲if johndoesn#39;t play football better than david(plays football) 的省略。那麼,排除這個條件的話,john和david就踢得一樣好了。 故要用副詞well 的同級比較的肯定式。

beautifully she sings! i#39;ve never heard _______ .(nmet96)

better voice b.a good voice

best voice d.a better voice

本題應選d。從整個語境來分析,後句中的比較狀語從句than hers被省略掉了。故此題應選比較級。

二)如果複合句中的時間、條件、原因狀語從句用了主語+be+分詞結構,且主、從句主語一致時,可省 略從句的連接詞、主語和be助動詞,只保留分詞和其它成分。如:

4.________in thought, he almost ran into the car in frontof him.(nmet96)

ng ng lost

lose

本題應選c。lost in thought 爲as he was lost in thought之省略。

5.________more attention, the trees could have grownbetter.(met90)

n give

ng ng given

本題應選a。given more attention爲if they were given moreattention之省略。

三)在含有定語從句的複合句中,如果定語從句用了進行時態或被動語態,且關係代詞在從句中作主語時 ,可省略關係代詞和助動詞。只保留分詞或其它成分。如:

olympic games,_______ in 776 b.c., did not includewomen players until 1912.(nmet97)

t playing be first played

t played be first playing

本題應選c。first played 爲which was first played 之省略。

you know the boy__________ under the big tree? (met89)

a. lay ng g

本題應選d。lying爲who is lying之省略。

of the artists ________ to the party were fromsouth africa.(met90)

ted invite

g invited been invited

本題應選a。invited爲who were invited之省略。

first textbooks________for teaching english as aforeign language came out in the 1 6th century.

ng written be written

g written ten(nmet94)

本題應選d。written爲that were written之省略。

四)如複合句中從句的句尾和主句相重複的話,從句的句尾可省略掉(括號中的內容爲省略掉的成分)。 如:

lei will play football if mike will (play football).

is going to sweep the floor because/though alicewon#39;t(sweep the floor).

五)在複合句中,如果兩個並列的狀語從句只是從屬連詞不同,其它相同時,則可省略一個狀語從句,而 把兩個從屬連詞連接起來(括號中的內容爲省略的成分)。如:

will be arriving either before (the film begins)or after the film begins.

六)在含有賓語從句的複合句中,如有兩個並列的that從句的主動詞及隨帶成份(賓語、表語、狀語等) 一樣時,可將第二個that從句的主動詞及隨帶成份省略。兩個並列的that從句,如果主語相同,而謂語不同, 可把第二個that從句的連詞和主語一齊省略。兩個並列的從句如連詞不同而其它成份相同,可省略第一分句和 第二分句相同的部分,只把兩個連詞連接起來(括號內容爲省略的成分)。如:

13.i know mary will sing in the party but john won#39;t(sing in the party).

him that i#39;ll call to see him and (that i#39;ll) havesupper with him.

15.i don#39;t know when (he was born) and where he was born.

二、在回答一般疑問句的簡略答語中;或回答用陳述句,祈使句表示要求、命令的簡略答語中。 常用yes /no+主語+助動詞, 而省略主動詞或其它成份。但助動詞應和原句的助動詞和時間概念須保持相應的一致; 或根據句意選擇對特殊問句的答語時,常常省略和問句相重複的部分,只保留新信息部分。如:

1.—alice, why didn#39;t you come yesterday?

—i ______ ,but i had an unexpected visitor. (nmet97)

d

going to

本題選c。據句意,是表示昨天打算要來。 was going to 後省略了come yesterday。

2.—could i borrow your dictionary?

—yes, of course you ________ . (nmet92)

t ld

本題選c。could在句中表示委婉語氣,而不是過去時,答語中應用can;can後省略了borrow my dictiona ry。

3.—don#39;t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

—__________.(nmet94)

a.i don#39;t b.i won#39;t

c.i can#39;t d.i haven#39;t

本題選b。因祈使句含有未來的意味,再加上有tomorrow的限制,因而應用i won#39;t回答。i won#39;t 後省略 了forget to go to yourbirthday party tomorrow。

4.—how long has this bookshop been in business?

—_________ 1982.(nmet94)

r e

本題選d。根據句意和結構, 該題承前省略了主語、 謂語it hasbeen in business 等; 只保留了新信 息(時間狀語)部分; 再由howlong對時間段提問的限制,只能選since。

三、在回答問句及其它形式的答語中,如有和上文重複的不定式時,在答語中只保留其不定式符號to,而 把動詞和其它部分省略。如:

1.—would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—i#39;d like to,______i#39;m too busy. (nmet94)

本題應選d。據上文, 下文中的i#39;d like to 後省略了come todinner tonight,這樣很容易看出逗號 前後信息相反,故選but。

2.—i#39;ll be away on a business trip. would you mindlooking after my cat?

—not at all,__________.(nmet95)

a.i#39;ve no time b.i#39;d rather not

c.i#39;d like it d.i#39;d be happy to

本題應選d。據not at all 的限制,a、b不合題意。c搭配錯, 因#39;d like後應跟不定式。i#39;d be happy to 後省略了look after yourcat。

boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, buthis mother told him_________.

(nmet95)

to to do

do it not to

本題選a。not to 後省略了和上文相重複的`ride his bicycle inthe street。

四、英語中的反意疑問句。反意疑問句常用一個肯定的陳述句,再加上一個只保留助動詞和主語的簡略問 句的否定形式;或一個否定的陳述句,再加上一個簡略疑問句的肯定形式;而其它成分則被省略。祈使句的反 意問句形式,不管祈使句是肯定的還是否定的,除了在let#39;s...後加簡略的疑問句shall we外,其餘的都在其 後加will you。如:

#39;s a fine day. let#39;s go fishing,________?

#39;t we we

#39;t we l we(met90)

本題選d。

sure to write to us, _______?(nmet93)

you #39;t you

you n#39;t you

本題選a。

五、在英語中,有一些特殊的省略結構, 如:what/how about...? why not do...?等實際上已形成了習 慣用法。how/what about 後只跟名詞、代詞或動名詞(短語);why not後只接動詞原形。如:

about the two of us________a walk down the garden?(met93)

take

ng be taking

本題選c。

2.—i usually go there by train.

—why not_______by boat for a change? (nmet92)

try going ng to go

try and go going

本題選d。

六、和前文重複的助動詞或重複的主要動詞也可省略(括號部分爲省略的成分)。如:

1. you could have come and (you could have) told me.

se clean the classroom and (clean) the reading-room.

 七、和前文重複的冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞及其它的限定詞、介詞和連詞等也可省略(括號內的內容爲 省略的成分)。如:

1.a man and (a) woman have just passed by.

se take good care of those books and (those) papers.

lived in beijing and (in) shanghai for some time.

八、兩個或兩個以上被形容詞修飾的同一名詞,前邊的常被省略;重複出現的形容詞,後邊的可以省略( 括號內容爲省略成分)。如:

e were middle-aged (men) and elderly men to attendthe meeting.

are young boys and (young) girls.

九、如果句意或上下文意思清楚,一般動詞前的人稱代詞和形容詞前的人稱代詞+be可被省略;詞首的冠 詞、物主代詞、人稱代詞和助動詞也可被省略(括號內容爲省略的成份)。如:

1.(have you) seen tom?

2.(i) couldn#39;t know this matter.

3.(i) hope to see you soon.

4.(i am) glad to see you.

5.(the) car#39;s giving trouble again.

十、so,nor/neither 用來表示“……也一樣”時,也用省略結構(括號內容爲省略的成份)。如:

1.—i am a student.

—so am i (a student).

2.—we haven#39;t been there.

—neither (nor) have we (been there).