初中定語從句教學課件

定語從句,一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞後(先行詞)進行修飾限定,就叫做 定語從句。在主句中充當定語成分。下面是小編爲你帶來的初中定語從句教學課件 ,歡迎閱讀。

初中定語從句教學課件

一、教學目標

通過本章複習, 使學生明白定語從句的構成和用法。

二、教學重點和難點

限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別;關係代詞與關係副詞引導定語從句的不同;介詞+關係代詞引導定語從句;關係代詞who, that, which的用法區別。定語從句與同位語從句及其一些句子結構的區別。

三、教學方法

Teacher

1.什麼是定語從句?

2.被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。連接先行詞與定語從句的引導詞叫關係詞,其中 which, that, who, whom, whose 這些詞叫關係代詞,它們在句中用來指人或事物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,whom 只能作賓語。作賓語時,關係代詞可省略。而 when, where, why 這些詞是關係副詞,他們在句子中用來作狀語。(請同學們根據以上所述, 給出一些例句, 用來說明。)

3.以上關係代詞在使用時也是有很多區別的。(請同學們看下面的句子, 然後說出使用關係代詞 that 的'原因。)

A.All that is worth doing should be done well.

B.The only thing that she could do was to ask the police for help.

C.We will never forget the first lesson that our English teacher gave us.

D.What is the smallest thing that can be seen under a microscope?

E.The visitors spoke highly of the children and the performances that they saw.

F.Who is the person that let out the secret?

4.下面講一下只能用關係代詞 which 引導的定語從句。

A.在非限制性定語從句中, 指物時只能用 which 不能用 that。

B.在定語從句中, 介詞+關係代詞引導定語從句指物時, 只能用 which 不能用 that。

(請同學們給出上面兩種情況的例句。)

5.對於“介詞+關係代詞”引導賓語從句, 如何選介詞這個問題, 可歸納爲下面幾點:

A.根據賓語從句謂語動詞的習慣搭配。如:Do you know the man with whom you just shook hands?

(句中的 with 來自習慣搭配 shake hands with)

B.由先行詞來決定。如: I'll never forget the day on which I joined the Party.

C.由句子表達的全部意義來確定。如:Water is very important for us without which we can't live.

6.有下面兩種情況:

A.先行詞 all, any 和 a few 指人時, 如:

Any who breaks the law will be punished.

B.先行詞是 this, that, those 或 these 且指人時。

Those who hadn't bought the ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall.

7.請看下面句子, 然後分析一下:

A.The engineer whose son is in America is very kind.

B.Look at the house whose roof is red.

8.請看下面句子, 然後分析一下:

A.I'll go to any place where people need me.

B.I still remember the day when I joined the army.

C.I don't know the reason why he was late.

9.那麼, 表示地點、時間的名詞後面都被關係副詞引導的定語從句所修飾嗎?

10.我們知道 as 也可作爲關係代詞, 引導定語從句, 包括非限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句, 井且多與 such, the same as 並用。 (請同學們翻譯下列的句子。)

A.我們知道, 指南針最早是中國人發明的。

B.這支鋼筆和我昨天丟的那支很相似。

C.他們今年生產的鋼和去年一樣多。

D.我們應該和這樣的熱心、勤奮的人交朋友。

Students

1.在複合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱爲定語從句被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。連接先行詞與定語從句的引導詞叫關係詞,其中 which, that, who, whom 這些詞叫關係代詞,它們在句中用來指人或事物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,whom 只能作賓語。作賓語時,關係代詞可省略。

2.A.Here is the pen that you lost yesterday. (that 用來指物, 在從句中作賓語, 可以省略掉, that 也可用 which 代替。)

B.The girl who told me the news is not here now. (who 用來指人, 在從句中作主語, that 可以代替 who 用來指人。)

C.The woman who / whom / that you saw in the park is our English teacher. (whom 只能用來指人, 只能作賓語, 在從句中可以省略。)

3.剛纔所說的6個句子的賓語從句, 關係代詞只能用 that 而不能用其他關係代詞, 下面逐個分類分析:

A.先行詞是 all, much, little, none, the one 或由 no-, any-, every- 構成的複合代詞時。

B.先行詞被 all, every, some, little, much, the only, the very 等修飾時。

C.先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞限定時。

D.先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。

E.先行詞同時包含人和事物時。

F.當主句是 who 或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時, 爲避免重複, 習慣上多用 that。

4.

A.She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.

非限制性定語從句與主句用逗號隔開, 非限制性定語從句引導詞不用that。

B.The games in which the young men competed were difficult.

介詞in也可以放在定語從句謂語動詞之後, 關係代詞which或that可省略。

5.定語從句中, “介詞+關係代詞”引導定語從句。關係詞前選什麼樣的介詞對我們來說有時束手無策, 希望老師能夠歸納出幾點巧妙的判斷規律。

6.When shall we use the relative pronoun“who”and“whom”?

7.這兩句中的定語從句都是由 whose 引導的, 在從句中 whose 只能作定語。

A 句中 whose 修飾人。

B 句中 whose 修飾物, 這個句子相當於:Look at the house the roof of which is red. 或:Look at the house with a red roof.

8.這三個句子中, 所含的定語從句都是由關係副詞引導的。

A.where 引導的定語從句修飾一個表地點的名詞, where 本身作從句中謂語的地點狀語, 這時, where 可由介詞 to + which 來替代。

B.when 引導定語從句修飾一個表示時間的名詞, when 在從句中作時間狀語, when 可用介詞 on+which 來替代。

C.why 引導定語從句修飾一個表示原因的名詞, why 在從句中作原因狀語。why 可用介詞 for + which 來替代。

從以上三個句子來看, 關係副詞引導定語從句, 一般情況下, 都可用“介詞+關係代詞”來替換關係副詞。

9.不一定。如果表地點或表時間的名詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語, 就不能用關係副詞引導賓語從句, 而應由相應的關係代詞引導。如:

A.Mike is studying in a school that/which was built in 1928.

B.Those days that / which we spent with Mary were wonderful.

10.

A.As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.

B.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

C.They have produced as much iron this year as they did last year.

D.We ought to make friends with such people as kind and hard working.